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EN
Siena, Italy—a UNESCO World Heritage Site—was the home of St. Bernardino and St. Catherine and is known for its architectural beauty and its religious devotion, particularly to the Virgin Mary. Sienna was regarded in the medieval era as “The City of the Virgin.” The art historian and philosopher of religion Titus Burckhardt (1908–1984), who explores the city with the reader of this book, was one of the 20th century’s most renowned experts on sacred art. The interdependence of the human and the city is crucial, as it is akin to the correspondence between the human and the cosmos or the transcendence and immanence of the Divine. St. Catherine of Siena compares the city to the image of the human soul. Siena itself is like a “little universe” with many facets representing the tripartite structure of the human being, consisting of Spirit, soul, and body. This masterly book is stunningly illustrated and surveys the history, culture, and spirituality of the Italian city of Siena, which provides the metaphysical keys to comprehend at its deepest roots the architectural beauty and devotional splendor of this remarkable city.
EN
The essay presents the life and work of Kazimierz Chłędowski (1843–1920), partly in recognition of his political merit, but first of all to acknowledge his contribution to cultural studies and the popularization of knowledge about the Renaissance and the Baroque. Being a mere clerk and occupying at first the lowest post in the administration of Galicia, the part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, with time Chłędowski raised to the position of the minister for Galicia in the Austrian government. Throughout his career and during the retirement he wrote several powerful monographs devoted to the history and culture of the Renaissance and the Baroque in Italy and France. His works had many re-editions in Poland and their translations won great popularity mainly in Germany and Scandinavia. Today Chłędowski seems to be a rather forgotten figure, hence the idea of writing this essay.
PL
W eseju została przedstawiona postać Kazimierza Chłędowskiego (1843–1920) gwoli przypomnienia jego zasług po części politycznych, lecz głównie na polu kulturoznawstwa i popularyzacji wiedzy o renesansie i baroku. Chłędowski jako urzędnik przeszedł drogę od najniższych stanowisk w administracji Austro-Węgier i Galicji jako kraju koronnego, po stanowisko ministra dla Galicji w rządzie austriackim. W trakcie swej pracy, a potem na emeryturze, stworzył kilka potężnych monografii poświęconych dziejom oraz kulturze renesansu i baroku we Włoszech i Francji. Jego prace cieszyły się wielką popularnością na ziemiach polskich oraz miały wiele nakładów i tłumaczeń, głównie w Niemczech i Skandynawii. Dziś wydaje się postacią nieco zapomnianą, stąd cel napisania tego eseju.
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