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Instytut Śląski, 1934-1948

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The article presents the genesis and the main trends within the Polish studies in the humanities conducted in Silesia on the turn of the 19th and 20th century with special emphasis on historiography. The main focus is on the activity of Instytut Śląski (Silesian Institute) based in Katowice during the Interwar period and directly after the War. The author analyzes the political goals set by Michał Grażyński, the then Voivode, as well as the main directions of the scientific research carried out by this institution at that time. According to the intentions expressed by M. Grażyński, the Institute was meant to constitute – beside Muzeum Śląskie (Silesian Museum) and Komitet Wydawnictw Śląskich (Committee for Silesian Publications) of Kraków – an element of the Polish political offensive in the field of historical politics. The five-year-long activity of the Silesian Institute before the War ended with an impressive number of 270 published books of various length and character. The popularizing activity in the form of lectures, meetings and special radio programs was also carried out. Directly after the War, there dominated another form of activity, which was connected with the primary political aim of bringing the Regained Territories closer to the society inhabiting them.
EN
Opole Region occupied a most significant place in the studies conducted by Kazimierz Orzechowski, who took part in the action of securing archival acts of Opole Regency after the War. The Polish school system in Silesia was the subject of his doctoral dissertation. He paid a lot of attention to the legal situation of peasants in Opole Region in the 19th century. He was also one of the co-founders of Studia Śląskie. Seria nowa (The Silesian Studies. A New Series) and the Silesian Institute in Opole. For many years he cooperated with The Silesian Studies and Opole Quarterly. Apart from the research into the history of Opole Region, K. Orzechowski also made a great contribution to the development of Opole historical centre. He was the founder and the first Head of the Chair of History at Teacher’s Training College in Opole. He worked for almost twenty years there. He was a supervisor and reviewer of doctoral dissertations and works submitted to obtain professor’s degree by research workers at the College, as well as a member of the board in charge of conferring the professor’s degree.
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