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EN
The first villages were formed during the Neolithic period, when people began building residential architecture. Villages continued to exist in Iran until the 2nd half of the 4th millennium BC, when the first cities appeared. Settlement in Shahr-i Sokhta had begun during this period, and in the 3rd millennium BC, the city’s size expanded and many related-settlement sites were formed in the Sistan plain. A prominent related-settlement site of Shahr-i Sokhta is Tape Yal or Taleb Khan 2, located 11 kilometres from the city. An excavation was conducted at this site by one of the author. This article analyses the architectural features of this site, a Bronze Age village of the Hirmand civilization, based on the findings of this excavation. It has been determined that this site contains residential buildings, workshops, and storage rooms with mudbrick construction. The above residential buildings probably belonged to the craftsmen of this village who lived next to their workshops.
EN
In West Asia, at the end of the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, inter-regional exchanges and trades increased, and the southeastern region of Iran played a key role in these trades due to its geographical location. At this point in time, we witness the formation of the largest urban center, namely Shahr-i Sokhta, with countless satellite settlements and industrial sites. In order to educate the students of the uni-versity of Zabol and also to examine the cultural, social and economic characteristics of Hirmand’s civilization area, the author excavated the three seasons of Tappeh Graziani, where archaeological evidences of residential architecture, industrial productions and administrative management were found. In this article, an attempt is made to examine evidence related to pottery production in this satellite settlement of Shahr-i Sokhta based on the first season excavations. The pottery kilns show that part of the economy of this site depended on pottery production. The above kiln is closed type with a semi-circular plan, and the reconstruction of the floor shows that this kiln has been used for a long time.
EN
Kohandej building architecture on Mount Khajeh in Sistan dating back to the Parthian and Sasanian periods were affected by climatic factors. This study aimed to investigate the thermal comfort in this building. The novelty of this study lies in examining building thermal comfort in outdoor, semi-open, and indoor spaces in this historically significant site based on the PET index. Four datalogger stations were located outside the castle as a reference, in the courtyard in the castle, in the semi-open space of the northern iwan, and an indoor space. The study findings revealed that the thermal sensations of the reference and outdoor stations were in an extremely hot status, while the stations in semi-open and enclosed spaces ranged from warm to hot status. Meanwhile, the highest average PET value among the stations in various hours of the day pertained to the outdoor station at 45.92°C, while the lowest rate of 38.34°C pertained to the indoor station. To conclude, the indoor station was in a more desirable thermal comfort status than the outdoor station. The results suggest that the architecture of the castle has lowered the temperature in the interior and in the iwan closer to the thermal comfort levels. While the mean radiant temperature fluctuates within 38.69-49.42 °C in the four stations, the mean PET of the indoor space is lower by 7.58 °C than the outdoor space, and the mean PET of the semi-open space is lower by 4.50 °C than the outdoor space.
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