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Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome

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Pryczynicz A., Guzińska-Ustymowicz K., Wakulewska A., Ducher M., Lewczuk Ł., Kisielewski W., Ustymowicz A., Zioło M., Famulski W.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 2
178-182
EN
Introduction: Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease belonging to the group of collagenases. It is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, leading to their impairment or complete dysfunction. The inflammatory process usually involves cells of the salivary or lacrimal glands. However, also other organs and systems can be affected. Purpose: The presentation of a Sjögren’s syndrome case. The pathologist’s role in the disease diagnosis. Case presentation: A 63-year-old female patient with the enlarged left parotid salivary gland and symptoms of xerostomia and xerophtalmia was referred for ultrasound imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Ultrasonography revealed inhomogeneous echostructure of the salivary gland with multiple tiny, oval, hypoechoic areas, hyperechoic zones of fibrosis and enhanced vascularization of the gland. The pathological analysis of FNA showed a benign lymphoepithelial lesion, and Sjögren’s syndrome was suggested. Blood serum analysis found anti Ro-52 (SS-A), anti-La (SS-B) and anti-ANA antibodies at 1:1,000 titer. Sjögren’s syndrome was diagnosed based on accessory investigations and the clinical condition of the patient. Conclusions: The pathomorphological analysis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the salivary gland contributed to the diagnosis of Sjőgren’s syndrome in the patient.
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Labial salivary gland biopsy in the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome

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Katarzyna Błochowiak K., Jerzy Sokalski J.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2019
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issue 2
162-168
EN
Introduction. Labial salivary gland biopsy is used for diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and lymphoma accompanying SS. Aim. The aim of this study was to present the main techniques used for taking labial salivary gland biopsies in the diagnosis of SS with respect to their advantages, histologic criteria, validation, complications, and their usefulness for diagnostic procedures, monitoring disease progression, and treatment evaluation. Material and methods. This study is based on analysis of literature. Results. The microscopic confirmation of SS is based on the presence of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS) with a focus score ≥1 per 4 mm2 of glandular tissue. A lymphocytic focus is defined as a dense aggregate of 50 or more lymphocytes adjacent to normal-appearing mucous acini in salivary gland lobules that lacked ductal dilatation. Other histopathological features of SS are lymphoepithelial lesions and a relative decrease of <70% IgA + plasma cells. Labial salivary gland biopsy is characterized by high specificity, a positive predictive value, and an average sensitivity of 79% in SS. Conclusion. It can be also valuable in diagnosing B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas but it is not recommended for the monitoring of SS progression and the effectiveness of the treatment. Persistent lower lip hypoesthesia is the most severe complication of labial salivary gland biopsy.
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Autoimmune diseases and their various manifestations in the oral cavity – a systematic review

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Lin S.-Y., Huang Y.-W., Błochowiak K.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 3
627-638
EN
Introduction and aim. Oral manifestation of the disorder is the leading cause of common initial features of most autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to present different oral manifestations of selected autoimmune diseases. Material and methods. We systematically reviewed the etiology, signs and symptoms, oral manifestations, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis. We searched the articles on PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science for the following search term: Behcet’s disease, lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid and bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgarisms and paraneoplastic pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, IgG4-related disease, systemic lupus erythematous, and granulomatosis with polyangitis. Analysis of the literature. We conducted that the disorder’s oral manifestation causes most autoimmune illnesses’ earliest symptoms. Conclusion. Clinical-pathological is a piece of requisite knowledge for the dentist to recognize and diagnose in the early phase of the symptoms.
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