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Economic safety aspects of the road traffic in Poland

100%
Dyr T., Ziółkowska K., Jaździk-Osmólska A., Kozłowska M.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
|
2017
|
issue Vol. 21, No 5
7-23
EN
Road accidents are generating economic and public high costs. They include: losses resulting from the long-lasting or temporary impossibility of creating GDP, expenses on the treatment and rehabilitation of people injured in the accidents, costs of emergency services involvment, payment of compensations and benefits, financial losses or emotional suffering of the accidents' victims and perpetrators' relatives, leading to reduce their economic activity. Statistical data presented in the point out to the high risk of road accidents. Also causes of unsatisfactory level of the road safety improvement in Poland were presented.(original abstract)
2

Prawie idealny system popytu: analiza popytu na alkohol w Polsce

100%
Gurgul H., Wolak J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomii i Informatyki w Krakowie
|
2008
|
issue 4
97-106
PL
Omówiono sytuację w polskim przemyśle gorzelniczym. Omówiono strukturę konsumpcji wyrobów alkoholowych w Polsce w latach 1963-1980 i 1993-2005. Wyznaczono elastyczności dochodowe i cenowe popytu nieskompensowanego i skompensowanego dla trzech grup wyrobów alkoholowych: wyrobów spirytusowych, wyrobów winiarskich i piwa. Omówiono model AIDS (Almost Ideal Demand System - prawie idealny system popytu), który został zaproponowany przez Deatona i Mullebauera jako rozszerzenie modelu, który uzależnia udziały budżetowe od całkowitego wydatku). Uzyskane dane pozwolą określić powiązania typu komplementarnego lub substytucyjnego grup napojów alkoholowych oraz przewidzieć przyszły wzrost wydatków na poszczególne rodzaje alkoholi.
EN
In the paper the consumer demand on alcohol beverages is analyzed. Taking into account three sorts of alcohol: spirits, wine and beer the authors established price and income elasticities of demand (also compensated demand) by mean of almost ideal dynamic system. There follows from this approximation, that price elasticities in all groups of beverages are small, i. e. demand on all kinds of alcohol is rigid. The most rigid demand can be observedfor spirits. Income elasticities in all groups of beverages amount to approximately 1, what means that these goods can be classified as normal. We also established that beer and wine may be to some extent substitutes of spirits. (original abstract)
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