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KNOWLEDGE AS IDENTITY: AN ESSAY IN GENEALOGY

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RISTIĆ D., MARINKOVIĆ D.
Society Register
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2019
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vol. 3
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issue 1
73-86
EN
In this research, we analyze the nexus between knowledge and identity as a problem of the sociology of knowledge. Our aim is to present the genealogical framework with the hypothesis that if we accept that knowledge is a multi-discursive phenomenon, then one way of justifying and stabilizing knowledge in social practices is through the concept of identity. We single out the problem of “locality” of discourses and practices and present the “genealogical paths” through which knowledge and identity are intertwined. Furthermore, our attempt is to identify the specific historical relations of knowledge and identity – through the discursive practices and especially in the context of Enlightenment and the claims for “universal knowledge” as part of the process of the formation of what could be called European identity.
2

Karl Mannheim’s Sociology of Knowledge versus the Problem of Relativism and The Objectivity of Cognition

100%
Czerniak S.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2023
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issue 3
81-96
EN
Below I ask whether the theoretical assumptions of the sociology of knowledge imply a subjectivistic and relativistic approach to cognition theory—a matter that has already been discussed in Polish subject literature (among others by Adam Schaff). Does the “social conditioning of cognition” conception propounded by the sociology of knowledge deny the existence of objective truth and adequate knowledge? Karl Mannheim himself called the sociology of knowledge an anti-relativist position. The critics of his anti-relativist argumentation say it is full of ambiguities and contradictions. I will attempt to take a closer look at this problem, and, at the same time, at the relation between Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge project and such measures of the adequacy of knowledge as the coherence and general consensus criterion. The main question I will try to answer is whether the Mannheimian sociology of knowledge project is a form of epistemological relativism (in the specific meaning of the term I use here), and if not, in what sense and to what degree it can be considered a position convergent with the relative truth conception.
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