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EN
The author of the article carried out a source study and historiographical analysis of the factual material contained in "Istoriia rusiv" that elucidates the history of South Slavic peoples and Ukrainian-South Slavic relations. The political task, confronting the author of "Istoriia rusiv", led to appearance in the Southslav plots conscious fiction which had not only historiosophical, but sometimes artistic meaning. Therefore, some of them have a completed plot form and include romantic figurative-expressive means. Moreover, the unknown writer provides information on the southern Slavs exclusively in the light of the national history.
EN
Social magazines contributed to a great extent to the image of South Slavs which was formed in the consciousness of Czech society in the second half of the 19th century. The period after the fall of neo-absolutism (1860), accompanied by relaxation of political rigour, meant a new stage in the development of Czech national life. Czech periodicals of social character come into existence together with the above mentioned development of national life; they were to replace German papers in bourgeoisie circles. They included e.g. Besedy lidu, Čas, Květy, Obzor, Osvěta, Světozor and Zlatá Praha. Slavic subject matter played an important part in the profile of the individual periodicals. The image of South Slavs, which social periodicals in the Czech society were creating by means of fiction, travel stories, historical and ethnographic scientific literature and, last but not least, by means of illustrations production and reproduction of works of visual artists, was in the spirit of Slavic mutual cooperation. Armed conflicts for the sake of gaining national independence, which create the icon of the South Slav as a fearless fighter for freedom, won the heart of the public. Analogously, archaic autochthonous manifestations the Czech society lacked are sought in the folk culture of South Slavs. Czech society thus created a largely idealized and romantic image of the life and culture of South Slavs, into which it projected its own ideals and desires.
EN
This paper aims to draw attention to interesting archival research conducted in 2012–2014 by employees of the Institute of History of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The outcome of their research was the publication of a large volume containing surviving correspondence between Czech philosopher and politician Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and the South Slavs, collected from Czech and foreign archives. The volume contains Masaryk’s letters exchanged with the South Slavs (i.e., members of the nations of the former Yugoslavia and the Bulgarians) from the 1880s to his death in 1937. A sample of the surviving correspondence presented in this paper is a collection of letters from the Serbian – and later, Yugoslav – officer and politician Milan Pribićević to T. G. Masaryk written between 1909 and 1934.
EN
Bulgarian affairs in the second half of the 19th c. in Polish historiography since 1989In this article, we present an overview of research topics concerning the history of Bulgaria in the second half of the 19th c. and early 20th c. that have appeared in Polish historiography since 1989. We adopted the timeframe of 1848–1908. The two dates are not only of key importance for the history of Europe and Slavdom, but also for Bulgarians. 1848 was the year which saw the birth of Hristo Botev, one of the most prominent Bulgarian poets and national revival activists, while in 1908 Bulgaria officially declared its independence and the beginning of the third empire. We wanted to avoid writing historiographical overview articles which consist only of dry bibliographical lists and focus on the most important research trends which can be observed in the field of Polish studies on Bulgaria in the second half of the 19th c. Sprawy bułgarskie w drugiej połowie XIX wieku w polskiej historiografii po 1989 rokuW niniejszym artykule zostanie przeprowadzony przegląd tematów badawczych dotyczących historii Bułgarii w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku, pojawiający się w polskiej historiografii po 1989 roku. Jako cezurę czasową przyjęto lata 1848–1908. Obie te daty mają nie tylko kluczowe znaczenie dla dziejów Europy i Słowiańszczyzny, ale także Bułgarów. W 1848 roku urodził się Christo Botew, jeden z czołowych bułgarskich poetów oraz działaczy odrodzeniowych, w 1908 roku zaś Bułgaria oficjalnie ogłosiła niepodległość i początek trzeciego carstwa. Autorzy chcieli zerwać z historiograficznymi artykułami przeglądowymi opartymi na suchym wymienianiu pozycji bibliograficznych, a skupić się na najważniejszych nurtach badawczych, tendencjach oraz zjawiskach, widocznych na polu polskich badań nad Bułgarią w drugiej połowie XIX wieku.
EN
Memories of the poor and impoverished in Serbian and South Slavic oral poetry are linked to contradictory beliefs: poverty is explained by reasons of fate, some offence, sin, or misfortune, however, the poor (as well as orphans, widows, wretched, etc.) are considered to be intermediaries between this world and the next, therefore close to God and the ancestors, and who possess certain healing and miraculous powers. These beliefs are merged and intermixed with other ideas about the poor, which entered oral tradition through human experience and everyday life, and were influenced by historical, social and economic changes (the poor who do not work or do not wish to contribute to their community, become a social threat and their lifestyle and use of welfare are disapproved of). In Serbian and South Slavic folk songs and ballads, representations of the poor and impoverished are diverse regarding aspects, such as, the selection of motifs and genre, time, place, context of recording, etc. Representations of the poor and impoverished in Serbian and South Slavic oral poetry vary from tragic to comic, from idealistic to ironic, or the subject can be depicted from a moral or realist standpoint. Poverty is usually related to the person’s private life, his or her feelings and moods, and may reflect their attitudes toward family, nature, community or society. Different portrayals of the poor and impoverished may reveal personal experiences, collective customary law and practices, way of life, ethical and religious norms, a system of values, as well as psychological motivation or background. Special attention will be paid to poverty as a fact of daily life, and to realistic details which make the songs and the characters particularly convincing and vivid.
PL
With the opening of the twentieth century, the beneficial river of the avant-gardes seemed to flood the entire European continent in a happy contamination of national cultures, giving life to an authentic supranational koine of artists: it was sometimes fusion of forms, styles, environments, cultures, a salutary effort to rejuvenate languages. The particular attention of the Italian Futurists to the new national realities was among the factors of particular attraction to the movement for South Slavs whose representative was Josip (Sibe) Miličić, who called for cultural and political renewal of his country. His direct encounter with Marinetti and Boccioni seems to leave its mark on his poetry both structurally and thematically: in the collection from 1914, Miličić reveals a new sensibility and a new rhythm: in one of his war lyrics, the futurist suggestions materialize in his first onomatopoeic attempt, suitable to undermine the lyricism of the verse by intensifying the link between the phonic aspect and the meaning. Despite their common interventionism, the Great War found the Croat and the Italian Futurists on opposite political positions concerning the Dalmatian islands and the Italian expansionism on the Adriatic. The poet’s war experience lead him to a “mature” phase starting in the twenties with his first article-manifesto. At this time he was able to reprocess his own critical identity: affirming his deeply anti-materialist and anti-industrial spiritualism, his standpoints by then had become very distant from Marinetti’s insights.
EN
The last twenty-five years of Polish humanities related to the history of the nations and countries of former Yugoslavia, their political and cultural relations with Poles, and unionism ideas in the second half of the 19th centuryThis paper presents an overview of the research topics that have appeared in Polish humanities since 1989 concerning the second half of the 19th c. history of the nations and countries which went on to create the Yugoslavian state after 1918. The period we chose is 1848 to 1908. Polska humanistyka ostatniego ćwierćwiecza dotycząca historii narodów i krajów byłej Jugosławii, ich związków polityczno-kulturalnych z Polakami oraz idei wspólnotowych w drugiej połowie XIX wiekuW niniejszym artykule zostanie przeprowadzony przegląd tematów badawczych dotyczących historii narodów oraz krajów, które po 1918 roku utworzyły państwo jugosłowiańskie, w drugiej połowie XIX, w polskiej humanistyce po 1989 roku. Jako orientacyjną cezurę czasową przyjęto lata 1848–1908.
EN
When new is (un)forgotten old – Slavica Lodziensia (Slavica Lodziensia, a journal edited by Anetta Buras-Marciniak. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2017, 175 pp.) A review of the first issue of the new Slavic journal, which follows the tradition of the previously issued yearly Południowosłowiańskie Zeszyty Naukowe. The contents include texts on the languages, cultures and literatures of the South Slavs. Nowe jako (nie)zapomniane stare – „Slavica Lodziensia” (Czasopismo „Slavica Lodziensia” pod redakcją Anetty Buras-Marciniak. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2017, 175 ss.) Recenzja pierwszego numeru nowego pisma slawistycznego „Slavica Lodziensia” pod redakcją Anetty Buras-Marciniak. (Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2017–), kontynuującego tradycję rocznika „Południowosłowiańskie Zeszyty Naukowe”. Na zawartość numeru składają się teksty dotyczące zagadnień języka, kultury oraz literatury Słowiańszczyzny południowej.
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EN
This study deals with the lesser known story of the nomination of Tomáš Masaryk for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913 and 1914. It covers the following questions: Who nominated Masaryk and for what purpose? What was the official motivation for his nomination? How did the leading circles in Vienna react to the nomination? As Masaryk was one of the harshest critics of the Habsburg Monarchy, especially of its foreign policy, his nomination was extremely controversial. It preoccupied the diplomats and officials during the crisis of the two Balkan Wars when Masaryk tried to play an active role in foreign policy. This article focuses on the analysis of the actions of the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office and the heir to the throne Francis Ferdinand trying to frustrate his nomination.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the most important issues related to West European perceptions of the history of South Slavs in the second half of the 18th and the early 19th century, a time of an increased interest in Slavic history, a process that ran parallel to the development of the Enlightenment perception of history. The analysis shows that in the second half of the 18th c. and the early19th c., in the face of the increasing weakness of Ottoman Turkey, the local Slavic communities were rediscovered in the Balkans. Although West European historiographies were familiar with them, the invention of new historical tools and contexts in the Age of Enlightenment resulted in a selective treatment thereof. It made it easy to consider South Slavs as uncivilised communities which, contrary to historical facts, remained at a primitive, tribal stage of development.
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