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A Dirty War: The Armed Polish-Lithuanian Conflict and its Impact on Nation-Making in Lithuania, 1919–23

100%
Balkelis T.
Acta Poloniae Historica
|
2020
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vol. 121
PL
This article discusses the armed Polish-Lithuanian conflict during 1919–23. It flared in May 1919 when the first open clash between Lithuanian and Polish troops took place. It gradually escalated into an undeclared war and lasted until late November 1920 when, in Kaunas, both sides agreed to stop fighting along the neutral zone established by the League of Nations. However, there was no final peace agreement signed, only a truce, and low-scale paramilitary violence continued unabated in the neutral zone until as late as May 1923. The author argues that the conflict involved various paramilitary formations which terrorised the civilians in the disputed borderland. For the Lithuanian government, the war against Poland provided an opportunity for total mobilization of the Lithuanian society. The fact that, during the entire interwar period, the conflict remained open-ended, ensured that the paramilitary structures and military laws that emerged during it would remain in place for much longer.
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British Diplomacy, Soviet-Polish War, and the Treaty of Riga: Searching for Stabilization in Eastern Europe

84%
Sergeev E. Y.
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 14
184-193
PL
British diplomacy played an important role not only during the Soviet-Polish War of 1919–20 but also in the settlement of this armed con‑ict, which ended with the signing of the Riga peace treaty on 18 March 1921. How effective was London? What political methods did the British government use to achieve the main strategic objective of stabilizing the Versailles order in Eastern Europe? And what were the short- and long-term consequences for Soviet Russia and Poland? The answers to these questions will be given in this article, based upon diplomatic correspondence as well as on diaries and memoirs penned by direct participants and contemporary observers.
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