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Ubi defuit orbis… – around the motto for “Spartakus”

100%
Górska A., Osiński P.
Studia Norwidiana
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2020
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vol. 38 English Version
171-175
EN
This article concerns the sources of the quotation ubi defuit orbis, which Cyprian Norwid used as a motto to his poem “Spartakus.” The phrase has been identified as part of an inscription carved in stone by Jean-François Regnard, a French traveller and comedy writer, and his companions during their journey through Sápmi (Lapland). Most probably, thanks to Regnard’s Voyage de Laponie, Norwid’s epigram became well-known in European culture. It was quoted by Ignacy Krasicki in the treatise O rymotwórstwie i rymotwórcach, and by Victor Hugo in the novel Notre-Dame de Paris. It seems likely that Norwid drew this phrase from the latter. The article further discusses these sources and the significance of the motto ubi defuit orbis for the interpretation of Norwid’s poem.
2
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Spartakus: prawda czasu czy prawda ekranu?

86%
Piskorz A.
Media – Kultura – Komunikacja Społeczna
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2013
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issue 9
131-141
EN
This paper discusses the film adaptation of Howard Fast’s novel Spartacus. The text focuses on the various problems its makers had to face while filming the story of the uprising by an army of slaves under the leadership of the eponymous hero. The final version of the film appears to be the result of innumerable conflicts and compromises amongst the artists themselves as well as with the production company. The complexity of the whole situation is additionally emphasised by the ideological incompatibility between the message of the film and the official rhetoric of the US authorities. Effectively, Spartacus seems to fall victim to both the internal bickering of its makers and the external pressures of the authorities.
3
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Powstanie Spartakusa na Marsie?

72%
Brodecki Z., Labuhn A.
Ad Astra. Program badań nad astropolityką i prawem kosmicznym
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2022
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issue 4
30-43
EN
The article presents a vision of the future of life in the age of artificial intel- ligence, whose greatest symbol is the conquest of space. The date of the beginning of the XXII century makes us reflect on the vision of humanity’s development and its place in the Universe. Humans and intelligent robots that are almost identical to humans will be the subjects of mutual relations in everyday life. It is therefore necessary to ask fundamental questions about the rights of the quasi-human. The race to explore the riches of space is on. The future colony on Mars, and then on other planets, will be a colony of robots (not humans) doing exhaustive work for human profit in Martian mines. This perspective outlines the spectre of a new era of slavery and the rise of Spartacus on Mars. The Martian robot Neospartakus will be quasi- -human and, unlike the Roman Spartacus known from history, will win the uprising against man in space. We are thus faced with the historical challenge of building a dialogue for achieving ethical standards of mutual relations between humans and robots. Humanity and its place in the Universe will be determined by whether humanity is able to recognise the rights of quasi-human.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona wizja przyszłości życia w erze sztucznej inteligencji, której największym symbolem jest podbój kosmosu. Data rozpoczynająca XXII wiek skłania do podjęcia pobudzającej wyobraźnię refleksji o wizji rozwoju ludzkości i jej miejsca we Wszechświecie. Ludzie i inteligentne roboty będące niemal identyczne jak ludzie będą podmiotami wzajemnych relacji w życiu codziennym. Należy więc zadać fundamentalne pytania o prawa quasi-człowieka. Wyścig o eksplorację bogactw przestrze- ni kosmicznej trwa w najlepsze. Przyszła kolonia na Marsie, a następnie na innych planetach, będzie kolonią robotów (nie ludzi) wykonujących wyczer- pującą pracę dla zysku ludzkości w marsjańskich kopalniach. Taka perspek- tywa zarysowuje widmo nowej ery niewolnictwa i powstania Spartakusa na Marsie. Marsjański robot Neospartakus będzie quasi-człowiekiem i w prze- ciwieństwie do znanego z historii rzymskiego Spartakusa wygra powstanie z człowiekiem w kosmosie. Stajemy zatem przed dziejowym wyzwaniem zbudowania dialogu dla osiągnięcia standardów etycznych wzajemnych relacji ludzi i robotów. O ludzkości i jej miejscu we Wszechświecie zadecyduje to, czy ludzkość będzie w stanie uznać prawa quasi-człowieka.
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