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PL
W tradycji chrześcijańskiej św. Marcin jest popularną postacią. Jego życie i działalność wywarły znaczny wpływ na kolejne pokolenia chrześcijan począwszy od średniowiecza. Współcześnie nadal jest obecny w świadomości wiernych. Popularność Świętego w Polsce i Europie znajduje odzwierciedlenie w licznych wezwaniach kościołów, parafii, kaplic, ołtarzy oraz w sztuce, imiennictwie i heraldyce. W artykule scharakteryzowano i omówiono wybrane polskie herby samorządowe, które na swoich tarczach herbowych ukazują postać św. Marcina lub atrybuty z nim utożsamiane. W polskiej heraldyce samorządowej pełna postać św. Marcina widnieje m.in. na pięciu herbach gmin wiejskich (gminy: Biskupice, Drużbice, Granowo, Mochowo, Wiśniowa), dwóch herbach gmin miejskich (gmina Jawor, miasto i gmina Pacanów) oraz jednym herbie dzielnicy (Słocina – obecna dzielnica Rzeszowa, do 1954 r. gmina). Tylko jeden z omówionych, tj. herb gminy Poświętne, odwołuje się do św. Marcina poprzez utożsamiane z nim przedmioty. Herbowe wyobrażenie św. Marcina z Tours spotykamy m.in. w Niemczech, zwłaszcza w Hesji, Bawarii, Nadrenii-Palatynacie, Moguncji, ale również w Czechach, Austrii, Słowacji, Finlandii i na Ukrainie.
EN
Saint. Martin is a very popular character in the Christian tradition. His life and deeds have had a considerable impact on successive generations of Christians, beginning with the Middle Ages and he is still present in the minds of believers. The popularity of this saint in Poland and Europe is reflected in many names of churches, parishes, chapels, altars as well as in art, names and heraldry. This paper presents selected local self-government coats of arms displaying an image of St. Martin or attributes associated with him. The full figure of St. Martin in Polish local self-government heraldry can be found on the coats of arms of five rural communes (the communes of Biskupice, Drużbice, Granowo, Mochowo and Wiśniowa), the coats of arms of two urban communes (the commune of Jawor, the town and commune of Pacanów) and the coat of arms of an urban quarter (Słocina – currently a quarter of Rzeszów, earlier – until 1954 – a commune). Only one of these, i.e. the coat of arms of the commune of Poświętne, refers to St. Martin by objects associated with him. Heraldic representations of Martin of Tours can be found, for example, in Germany, especially in Hesse, Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, but also in Czechia, Austria, Slovakia, Finland and Ukraine.
Vox Patrum
|
2014
|
vol. 62
125-137
EN
The article was written to illustrate the possible impact of Vita Martini by Sulpicius Severus on Aelred of Rievaulx’s Vita Niniani. Both works are hagiogra­phies, thus were written as prime examples of faith and Christian virtues without excessive focus on biographical accuracy, as was common during the medieval period. The works were created in diverse cultural and historical settings: the for­mer portrays the life of Saint Martin of Tours, a very popular medieval bishop of Gaul, who was active during the 5th century; the hagiography was written by his disciple, Sulpicius Severus. The latter depicts the life of a missionary active in southern England, also in the 5th century, Saint Ninian of Whithorn. St. Ninian’s hagiography was, however, written seven centuries later by a well-known English abbot from Rievaulx, St. Aelred. The possible influence of Sulpicius Severus’ work on Vita Niniani by Aelred of Rievaulx can be concluded due to the similarities be­tween the two hagiographies, the popularity of Vita Martini in Cistercian circles and, simultaneously, an almost complete lack of historical information regarding St. Ninian’s life. The fact that Aelred quotes the Bede Venerable’ history note from the 8th century – which mentions that St. Martin was St. Ninian’s role model in the field of missionary care and pastoral work – as his chief resource, makes this influence is all the more probable. To carry out this article’s objective, the contents have been divided into three sections: the creation of Vita Niniani; a comparison of Bishop Ninian of Whithorn as a historical figure (based on contemporary his­torical and archeological research) with the portrait painted by Aelred (based on the Bede Venerable’ note and a piece of literature by an unknown writer); to final­ly show a comparison of Vita Niniani and Vita Martini.
EN
The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments approved St. Martin of Tours to be the saint patron of the town of Kętrzyn (Poland, Diocese of Warmia). St. Martin’s cult spread in France and in Europe since the 6th century. St. Martin’s tomb became the destination for pilgrimages. He was the first saint from outside the group of martyrs. He is the saint patron of the dioceses of Mainz and Rottenburg-Stuttgard in Germany and Eisenstadt in Austria.In Poland his name has been known since the 12th century. He is one of the most popular saints. Over 200 churches has been erected under his name. He is portrayed as a priest wielding a sword and with a soldier’s cloak at his feet or as a knight on horseback cutting a cloak in two and handing one half to a beggar. He is the saint patron of tailors. He is also the nationalsaint patron of France, the Pontifical Swiss Guards, knights, soldiers, travelers, refugees, blacksmiths, beggars, shepherds, weavers, wine makers, tanners and hotel-keepers.
PL
Kongregacja Kultu Bożego i Dyscypliny Sakramentów, 9 sierpnia 2017 r. zatwierdziła św. Marcina z Tours biskupa jako patrona miasta Kętrzyn (Archidiecezja Warmińska). Kult św. Marcina szerzył się we Francji, a w Europie od VI wieku. Grób Świętego stał się celem pielgrzymek. Marcin był pierwszym ze świętych spoza grona męczenników. Jest on patronem diecezji Moguncja i Rottenburg-Stuttgart w Niemczech, Eisenstadt w Austrii. W Polsce imię Marcin znane jest od XII wieku. Św. Marcin należy do najbardziej popularnych świętych. Wystawiono około 200 kościołów ku jego czci. Przedstawia się go jako kapłana z mieczem i płaszczem żołnierskim u nóg lub jako rycerza na koniu rozcinającego płaszcz żołnierski i podającego go żebrakowi. Marcin jest patronem sukienników. Jest tez świętym „narodowym” Francji, patronem Gwardii Szwajcarskiej, rycerzy, żołnierzy, podróżujących, uchodźców, kowali, żebraków, pasterzy, tkaczy, właścicieli winnic, garbarzy, hotelarzy
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