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EN
The article looks at these elements of St. Stanislaus’ tomb in the Gothic Cathedral on the Wawel Hill which were made of silver. Except for one (a reliquary diptych) all were destroyed and are known only from written records. The basic issue is to establish the date and the founder of a wooden coffin covered with gilded silver plates, in which the relics of the Martyr were placed. The literature on the subject attributed the foundation of the reliquary to St. Kunegunda (1234-1292), Elizabeth of Poland (1305-1380), St. Jadwiga, Hedvig of Anjou (1374-1399) and Ladislaus the Short (1260 or 1261-1333). Thanks to the records written in 1631 by a priest Jan Wielewicki which mention the renovation of the medieval coffin, we know that it had an inscription which unequivocally pointed to the person of Elizabeth of Poland, wife of a Hungarian king Charles I Robert and mother of a king of Hungary and Poland Louis d’Anjou, as the founder. A detailed description included in the records of  an inspection of the Cracow Cathedral in 1670 allows an approximate reconstruction of this work of art, which was a box-reliquary of approximate measurements: 175, 8x87, 9x43, 95 cm, closed with a ridge roof cover of unknown height. It had cast decoration. The longer sides were each interspersed with 6 and the shorter with 2 pictures with the scenes from St. Stanislaus’s life. Likenesses of 18 bishops adorned both patches of the corners and axes of the shorter sides were accentuated with buttresses. Top rims of the cover were decorated with an open-work comb (tracery). Iconographic programme cannot be reconstructed on the basis of the existing sources. After a new coffin for the remains of the Saint was funded by Sigismund III, the old one was used as a reliquary for the hand and placed in St. Peter and Paul’s chapel, which - according to tradition - originally housed the tomb. After the cathedral was looted by the Swedes in 1657, the medieval reliquary was put back in the middle of the church. Then, in the years 1669 -1671, when a new silver coffin was funded by bishop Piotr Gembicki, it was re-cast. An important element of St. Stanislaus’ altar decoration before 1512 (when Sigismund I had an imposing silver retable made) were paintings which were kept in the treasury and placed on the mensa during the liturgy. Inventories list 12 ‘plates’ in all, some of which were made of silver, some covered with silver sheet metal (frames, dresses) and some only decorated with such applique. The most imposing was a triptych with the Holy Trinity engraved on sheet metal and richly set with jewels (in the type of  Throne of Mercy) and the figures of Mary with the Child and St. John the Evangelist. Among the rest the most prominent were the depictions of the Salvator and the Virgin Mary with the Child. Some were accompanied by markings indicating their Byzantine or Ruthenian origins. A painting of Mary holding little Jesus in her arms, covered with a silver plate with lilies in the background, set with jewels and pearls, in a frame decorated with Polish and Hungarian coats of arms deserves special attention. It can undoubtedly be considered as a twin work to the three paintings stored in the treasury in Aachen and one in Mariazell, funded by Louis d’Anjou. The only painting of those which used to adorn the altar of St. Stanislaus which has survived to the present is the reliquary diptych with silver appliques, set with precious stones, depicting the Virgin Mary with the Child and Vemicle. It was painted in Cracow around 1440-1450 and was funded by the cathedral curate Maciej of Grodziec.
PL
Badania nad ołtarzem św. Stanisława w katedrze krakowskiej zainaugurowane już w 2. połowie XIX w. przez księży Ludwika Łętowskiego i Ignacego Polkowskiego, kontynuowane były w kolejnym stuleciu, a ich uwieńczeniem stało się monograficzne opracowanie autorstwa Michała Rożka, opublikowane w 1979 r. przy okazji obchodów 900. rocznicy męczeńskiej śmierci Patrona Polski. Mimo licznych opracowań dotyczących architektury barokowej konfesji oraz kolejnych trumien-relikwiarzy, wiele kwestii historycznych oraz historyczno-artystycznych nie zostało dotąd rozwiązanych. Na nowe ujęcie zasługuje katedra romańska oraz niedawno wysunięte przez Mariusza Karpowicza propozycje atrybucyjne względem kaplicy wzniesionej przez bp. Marcina Szyszkowskiego w drugim dziesięcioleciu w. XVII. Na uboczu badań pozostały dekorujące ją rzeźby i malowidła. Brakuje systematycznego zestawienia ruchomego wyposażenia ołtarza (naczynia, tkaniny liturgiczne itp.) oraz składanych przy nim wotów. Poważnym zadaniem stojącym przed historykami jest pełne opracowanie kultu św. Stanisława, oczywiście z uwzględnieniem liturgii sprawowanej przy jego relikwiach w katedrze. Niniejszy tekst ma zapełnić jedynie kilka luk w wiedzy na temat Stanisławowego grobu. Poświęcony został tylko tym elementom jego wyposażenia powstałym w okresie średniowiecza, które wykonano ze srebra. Znamy je tylko z przekazów archiwalnych - ich ranga artystyczna i historyczna skłania jednak do ich przypomnienia oraz, o ile na to pozwalają źródła, szerszego omówienia.
EN
Restoration of a Home Altar and a Sculpture of St. Stanislaus – Exhibits from the Museum “Upper Silesian Ethnographic Park in Chorzów” The following object illustrative article is dedicated to the issues of maintenance and restoration of objects of polychromed wood on the example of two exhibits from the Museum “Upper Silesian Ethnographic Park in Chorzow”: the altar home ref. no. GPE–3529, and the sculpture of St. Stanislaus – Bishop ref. no. GPE–2675. Furthermore, the article presents a brief description of the objects, the technology of creation, the objects’ history and the state of their preservation as well as the causes of the destruction of each exhibit. A major part of the article was devoted to the description of course of maintenance and restoration works with regard to methods and materials used and different stages of accomplishing the restoration goals.
EN
In the delivered paper is given a question concerning the notion of moral order with a special reference to law. The moral order – as we can notice – is existing in various forms of understanding. This view can be at the same time a cause of different dilemmas that source is usually a divergence in treatment of his determinants, what is connected with the question of ways leading to his achievement. These questions are set generally at the context of the construction of the notion of moral order. This is also a way to its fulfilment especially then when necessary is to appeal to special personal ideological samples which indicatingus with their personal examples for the grounds, principles of functioning of the order but also showing us their borders. In this case the figures of both saints of the Church, Adalbertand Stanislaus were – and it can be considered – that they still are – important not only towards the times contemorary to them, but also being the universal timeless norms. The moral norms, the both saints professed, had been crashed with reasons of law. The creation the patterns of both saints and this, what they represented, was a grounding the foundations for the ideological development of state and nation. They have been expressed their influence on human consciousness, for the structure of state and church, to exert an influence for the forming of nation commonwealth and being also a system of values binding and uniting the size of our civilization.
PL
W artykule podjęte zostało pytanie o rozumienie pojęcia ładu moralnego, w szczególności jego odniesienie do prawa. Ład moralny, jego wielostronne rozumienie może być powodem dylematów, których źródłem jest z reguły rozbieżność podejścia do jego wyznaczników, co związane jest z pytaniem o drogi wiodące do jego osiągnięcia. Pytania te stawiane są z reguły w kontekście konstrukcji pojęcia ładu moralnego, a zarazem sposobu do jego dochodzenia, gdy niezbędne staje się odwołanie do określonych osobowych wzorców ideowych, wskazujących swoim przykładem na podstawy, zasady funkcjonowania ładu, określające jego wyznaczniki, ale także wyznaczające granice, tworzące dla jego istnienia niezbędne odniesienia. W tym przypadku postacie obu świętych Kościoła, Wojciecha i Stanisława, były – i nadal można przyjąć, że są – wyjątkowo znamienne zarówno w odniesieniu do czasów im współczesnych, jak i również jako wzorce uniwersalnie, a zarazem ponadczasowe. Wzorce moralne, które obaj święci wyznawali, zderzyły się z racjami prawa. Powstanie wzorców obu świętych i tego, co reprezentowali było położeniem fundamentów pod ideowy rozwój państwa i narodu. Pokazywały one ich wpływ na świadomość ludzką, na strukturę państwa i Kościoła, wpływając na kształtowanie wspólnoty narodu, ale będąc zarazem systemem wartości, łączącym i scalającym wymiar naszej cywilizacji.
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