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Perspektywy Kultury
|
2023
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1
337-352
EN
St. Teresa of Ávila, a mystic, Doctor of the Church, an extraordinary woman of deed and contemplation, and a reformer of the Carmelite order, has exerted an enduring influence on subsequent generations for centuries, reflected not only in theological reflection but also significantly impacted the imagination of artists. The article presents works inspired by the figure of St. Teresa from various fields of art: painting, sculpture, film, photography, and music. A particular focus is placed on the discussion of one of the occasional motets by M.-A. Charpentier: Pour Sainte Thérèse. The conducted analyses provide evidence that, through artistic creation, we are given the opportunity to contemplate the legacy of St. Teresa in new historical contexts, encouraged, among other sources, by the Second Vatican Council in its principle of aggiornamento, aimed at adapting the Church to the transformations of the modern world.
PL
Św. Teresa z Ávila, mistyczka, doktor Kościoła, kobieta niezwykła, osoba czynu i kontemplacji, reformatorka zakonu karmelitańskiego, przez wieki w sposób niesłabnący oddziałuje na kolejne pokolenia, co znalazło odzwierciedlenie nie tylko w refleksji teologicznej, ale i wpłynęło znacząco na wyobraźnię artystów. W artykule przedstawione zostały dzieła inspirowane postacią św. Teresy z różnych dziedzin sztuki: malarstwa, rzeźby, filmu, fotografii czy muzyki. Szczególne miejsce zajmuje bliższe omówienie jednego z motetów okolicznościowych M.-A. Charpentiera: Pour Sainte Thérèse. Przeprowadzone analizy dowodzą, że za sprawą artystycznej twórczości możemy kontemplować dzieło św. Teresy odkrywane w nowych kontekstach historycznych, do czego zachęca m.in. Sobór Watykański II w swojej koncepcji aggiornamento polegającej na dostosowaniu Kościoła do przemian współczesnego świata.
EN
Konstancja Benisławska was the author of only one collection, entitled Pieśni sobie śpiewane [Songs Sung to Oneself, by Konstancja von Ryck Benisławska, wife of the pantler of the Duchy of Livonia, published with encouragement from friends and taken from rural shadow into daylight in Vilnus in 1776]. It was published in a special period for the Republic of Poland when ideologies from Western Europe became popular in our country. Under the influence of views of French encyclopaedists and Voltaire, efforts for a thorough reform of political, social and cultural institutions began to be made. Transformations were the major talking point in press and literature of those days. Some social circles i.e. representatives of aristocracy, rich nobility and even clergy, started to become interested in the new laic model of spiritual life proposed by Western thinkers. According to philosophers, the Catholic Church proclaimed outdated ideas and stood in the way of development and civilization. Despite the applause for anti-Catholic ideas, the role and teachings of the Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland were not questioned. It contributed to a free development of religious literature. The volume of Benisławska, who was shaped in the spirit of great Spanish mystics, was inspired by love towards God. That feeling mobilizes the poet to continuous search for contact with the Creator, entering into deeper relations. The volume, which is a sort of “poetic prayer book,” is an account of her spiritual experience and feelings.
EN
The article points to a relationship between Mikołaj Mieleszko’s "Pious Sighs" ("Nabożne westchnienia"; 1657) and the ascetic-mystical literature of the 17th century. This work particularly shows the meditative character of Mieleszko’s emblems. It also presents the division of the work into three books introduced by Mieleszko, which can be viewed in the context of the model of the three-stage mystical way to God (via purgativa, via illuminativa, via unitiva), employed by St. Ignatius of Loyola but known already by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and fully expressed by St. Bonaventure. The article also discusses the participation of human faculties in the emblems: memory, intellect, will, imagination, and feelings, which are so important in the act of meditation. Referring to the method of applying senses (applicatio sensuum), originating from the Church tradition (Origen, St. Bonaventure) and taken over by St. Ignatius of Loyola, the work emphasizes Mieleszko’s need to apply it in his emblems. Moreover, the article focuses on the influence of Kasper Drużbicki’s and St. Teresa of Ávila’s works visible in Mieleszko’s poems. The themes, allegories, symbols and metaphors of the ascetic-mystical literature reverberate in the emblems of the Baroque poet.
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