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The article presents the problem of the adoption of the multi-year budgeting. It indicates the purpose of implementation of this solution in the budgetary systems of different countries. The main attention was paid to the assessment of changes associated with the existence of the Multi-Year Financial Plan of the State in Poland.
EN
The article presents the issues of respecting the principle of openness and transparency of public finances in light of the proceeds from privatization. Presented a number of arguments for the fact that this principle is not respected at all. Proposed change in the method of distribution of proceeds from privatization, which rely on is the fact that these impacts will be a source of income of the state budget rather than its revenues.
EN
The budget balance analysis in the light of the chosen theories of the public finance, with particular reference to the theoretical achievements of the new institutional economics (NEI) is a purpose of the article. It seems to be intellectually attractive, because the budget balance problem in the light of the NEI theory in literature is still not identified well. The article is divided into three parts, in which the authoress is discussing the following issues: a) the budget balance problem - the deficit and the public debt in Poland in relation to the European Union countries; b) evolution of views on the budget balance in theories of the public finance, c) institutional equilibrium in the public finance sector as the attempt to create the theoretical model - the implications for Poland.
EN
While the role of modern Japan in world's economy is still very important, it has been changed a lot during last two decades. The process started during late 80's when rapid development of Japanese finished. The golden years based on investment expansion, development of high tech products and growing financial surplus. Then Japan evolved into capital and technology exporter. Changes in economic structure and institutional reforms accelerated this process. The main aim of the article is to described some areas in Japanese economy where the role of state has been changed in last two decades. It focuses on: privatization of state enterprises, changes in importance of some Ministries, role of central bank and financial market. The state support in the development of regions is show in case of clusters.
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