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Kwestia integracji europejskiej w myśli politycznej działaczy Stronnictwa Pracy – członków Rady Narodowej RP w latach 1940-1943

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Rabiński J.

Polonia Inter Gentes

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2020

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issue 1

57-76

EN

Labour Party is a Polish Christian – democratic party which from the moment of its foundation (1937) remained in opposition to the Sanacja government and later contributed to the creation of the Polish government in exile (1939-1945). In consequence, after WWII the Labour Party became one of the most important opposition parties strongly emphasizing the necessity for Polish sovereignty. The programme from 1937 proposed a return to close alliance with France, cooperartion with the League of Nations and finally formation of Central Eastern European Nations Federation. This last idea became the essential aspect of the Labour Party’s foreign policy, which was touched in the National Council (by M. Kwiatkowski, S. Sopicki, Z. Kaczyński, T. Kiełpiński). The idea was continued by the Labour Party which proposed the formation of the Central European Union (‘Programme Deliberations of the Labour Party’) uniting all countries from this region that belong to Latin civilization (the influence of Koneczny’s deliberations). The Labour Party did not abandon the concept even after 1945 when political conditions changed. The idea, however, was never put into practice. In 1946 the Labour Party was controlled by post communist activists and denied the possibility of independent action including the formulation of postulates associated with foreign policy programmes.

PL

Stronnictwo Pracy, partia nurtu chrześcijańsko-demokratycznego, od momentu utworzenia (1937) pozostawała w opozycji do rządzącego Polską obozu sanacyjnego. Podczas II wojny światowej wchodziła w skład koalicji rządowej. Program Stronnictwa Pracy z 1937 r. zakładał powrót do sojuszu z Francją, współpracę międzynarodową w ramach Ligi Narodów, zaś w dziedzinie strategii geopolitycznej promował utworzenie Federacji Środkowoeuropejskiej. Ta idea była twórczo rozwijana w latach 1940-1943 na forum Rady Narodowej RP przez takich polityków Stronnictwa Pracy jak Michał Kwiatkowski, Stanisław Sopicki, ks. Zygmunt Kaczyński, Tadeusz Kiełpiński.

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Chadecja w PRL? Czy politycy katoliccy byli chrześcijańskimi demokratami?

80%

Skibiński P.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2017

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issue 30

154-178

EN

In the period of 1945–1989, in Communist Poland, after the subjection of the Labour Party by the Communists in 1945, and their assimilation in 1950 by the Democratic Party, there was no independent Christian Democratic party; despite this, Poland was a country of the Soviet Block, in which the Catholic Church had relatively large freedom, while Christian democratic parties officially existed in GDR and the Czechoslovakian Republic. This issue is strictly related with several other matters: with Christian Democratic and non-Christian democratic efforts of the Catholics aimed at the establishment of the Catholic Party inside the PRL political system (among others, on the basis of Bolesław Piasecki’s PAX Association); with the activities of the groups relating to the Christian democracy outside the party structures (here it necessary to mention Janusz Zabłocki, the ODiSS group and Polish Catholic Social Association); with activities of all other groups of “lawful” Catholics functioning within Communism; finally with the issue of intellectual research aimed at the rationalisation of the existence of Christian democracy outside the democratic system, in the necessary cooperation with an atheistic totalitarian regime (here a special role was played by inspiration with Christian socialism of Emmanuel Mounier). To provide the final statement concerning the scale of the Christian democratic inspiration in both social and political life it is necessary to deepen the present research concerning almost every political groups of Catholics in PRL – both legal and illegal – maybe aside from the well-known group of “Znak”. It is necessary to verify the findings of the present historiography, which mainly belonged to the identity stream, that is the stream giving priority for the justification of the political attitudes of Catholics during PRL over comprehensive and reliable information analysis. The matters crucial for understanding the existence context of the Christian democratic inspirations in the period of PRL include the issues of various forms of political Catholic realisms in PRL (including specific differentiation of the realism of resistance, collaboration and capitulation – using terms applied by Rafał Matyja), as well as an explanation as to why Catholic groups in PRL – in contrast to the Christian Democrats during the inter-war period – tried to build their identity on the critique of the largest Catholic political formation in Poland – namely the national movement, and often even broader – on the critique of the entire relation between Catholicism and Polish national identity.

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Polski Narodowy Komitet Demokratyczny wobec odwilży październikowej w Polsce

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Witalec R.

UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

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2023

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vol. 28

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issue 3

23-44

EN

Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956 marked the beginning of the process of liberalization in the USSR and the Soviet bloc, known as the "Khrushchev thaw". In Polish reality, this phenomenon known as "Gomułka’s thaw" or the Polish “October” initiated the destalinization of the political system. This included many political prisoners were released following an amnesty. The changes taking place in the country at that time met with considerable interest from the Polish political groups in exile. In the article, the author presents the establishment and functioning of the "Polski Narodowy Komitet Demokratyczny" (PNKD) [Polish National Democratic Committee] and the position of this political platform with regards the changes taking place in Poland, including the Poznań protests in June 1956. The controversies related to the visit to Poland of Seweryn Eustachiewicz, a member of the Christian Democrats, critically assessed by partners from PNKD, is also described. Another factor that the author has paid attention to is the contrasting opinions of the situation and transformations taking place in Poland between the main PNKD groups – Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe [the Polish People's Party] and Partia Pracy [the Labor Party]. It is also pointed out that different assessments of the Polish “October” had a significant impact on the functioning of the PNKD and became a catalyst for its disintegration. The PNKD partners also differed in other matters, which is also highlighted in the article. Among other things, they had divergent views on the West's economic aid for Poland, as well as the election campaign and the election to the Parliament of the Polish People's Republic on January 20, 1957.

PL

Wystąpienie Chruszczowa na XX zjeździe KPZR w 1956 r. stanowiło początek odwilży w ZSRS, a następnie w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w tym w Polsce. W polityce wewnętrznej PRL nastąpiła tzw. odwilż gomułkowska, będąca liberalizacją systemu komunistycznego. Wprowadzono amnestię, w ramach której wypuszczono wielu więźniów politycznych. Zmiany zachodzące w kraju spotkały się z żywym zainteresowaniem polskiej emigracji politycznej. W artykule przedstawiono powstanie i funkcjonowanie Polskiego Narodowego Komitetu Demokratycznego (PNKD) oraz stanowisko tej platformy politycznej wobec zmian w Polsce, w tym także buntu robotników poznańskich z czerwca 1956 r. Opisano kontrowersje związane z wizytą w Polsce członka władz Stronnictwa Pracy Seweryna Eustachiewicza, zupełnie inaczej ocenianej przez partnerów z PNKD. Zwrócono uwagę na rozbieżną ocenę sytuacji i przeobrażeń zachodzących w kraju pomiędzy Polskim Stronnictwem Ludowym i Stronnictwem Pracy będącymi głównymi ugrupowaniami PNKD. Podkreślono, że odmienne oceny odwilży październikowej w znaczący sposób wpłynęły na funkcjonowanie PNKD, były katalizatorem jego rozpadu. W artykule zaznaczono, że partnerzy z PNKD różnili się też w innych sprawach: w kwestii uzyskania przez Polskę pomocy ekonomicznej Zachodu, jak również w ocenie kampanii wyborczej oraz samych wyborów do Sejmu PRL z 20 stycznia 1957 r.

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Kwestia integracji europejskiej w myśli politycznej działaczy Stronnictwa Pracy – członków Rady Narodowej RP w latach 1940-1943

Chadecja w PRL? Czy politycy katoliccy byli chrześcijańskimi demokratami?

Polski Narodowy Komitet Demokratyczny wobec odwilży październikowej w Polsce