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Mnich i teolog – charakterystyka Świętych Braci na podstawie tekstów liturgicznych

100%

Ławreszuk M.

ELPIS

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2013

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vol. 15

57-61

EN

The role of the liturgical text is far more complex than we think. It’s not only an inspiration for our petitions or thanksgiving, but also source of knowledge and spiritual education. Subject of this paper is to show characteristic of St Cyril and Methodius on the basis of the liturgical texts. In the minds of the faithful, their mission and activities are consistent and comprehensive, but liturgical texts devoted to the Holy Brothers show two ways how they followed in order to achieve their main goal – to spread Christianity and lead catechetical mission. St Cyril and Methodius had realized their mission on different paths, focusing on different priorities. The activity of St Methodius can be defined as the ascetic way, a sensitization to the spiritual richness of Orthodoxy. Referring to the liturgical texts the mission of St Cyril can be characterized as an educational, polemical and apologetic activity. Compliance of the liturgical texts with the life of St Cyril and Methodius and preservation of the historical resources, allows us to treat them as a valuable source of knowledge. This confirms the assertions about the nature the liturgical texts, which are an inherent aspect of the Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.

2

The Methodian mission on the Polish lands until the dawn of 11th century

100%

Mironowicz A.

ELPIS

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2013

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vol. 15

17-32

EN

The process of Conversion of the Slavs was commenced with the contact of the Slavic people and the Byzantine culture which was initiated by the mission of Sts. Cyril and Methodius. Apart from the exceptional role of Bulgaria and Great Moravia in the development of the Cyrillo-Methodian legacy the Russian lands became the heir of this great religious and cultural tradition. Before we move on to the problem of the presence of the Methodian rite on the Polish lands it is worth recalling the basic facts of the activity of Sts. Cyril and Methodius in the area of Great Moravia.The presented influence of the Methodian rite on the Polish lands had a significant influence in the shaping of the religious tradition in the local Orthodox Church. In the land of the Piasts and Jagiellons the named tradition rooted in the cult of Bulgarian and Greek saints of the Church-Slavonic liturgy, rituals and culture. The awareness of the role of Cyril and Methodius in the introduction of Christianity in Poland shall be especially cultivated in the Eastern Church. The evangelization of the Great Moravia, Czech and Poland shall be attributed to the Slavonic Apostles.

3

Paul Meyvaеrt and Paul Devos Duo Candelabra Cyrillomethodiana

84%

Batalova S.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

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2023

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vol. 17

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issue 2 Cyrillo-Methodian Written Culture: From Medieval Sources to the Latest Research

167-194

XX

The paper outlines in historiographical perspective Paul Meyvaert (1921-2015) and Paul Devos' (1913-1995) contributions to the classification of the Latin hagiographical legends about Sts Cyril and Methodius. The author analyzes their three joint studies from 1955-1956. These studies first introduced into academic use the most comprehensive medieval copy of the so-called Italian Legend discovered to date. They also explored its links to the literary activity of Leo of Ostia (1046-1115). Through P. Meyvaert's fortuitous discovery, the two scholars proved that only the second redaction of the Italian Legend has survived. As a result of their research, they narrowed down the chronological limits of the appearance of its first redaction, compiled by Johannes Hymmonides and Gauderic of Velletri. They studied the manuscript tradition (of the Italian Legend) and proved that the reference to the episcopal rank of St Cyril and St Methodius is a late interpolation in the text. They established what influence Leo of Ostia's redaction of the Italian Legend exerted on the literary production in the Benedictine monastery of San Clemente a Casauria in the last quarter of the 12th century and on some legendaries containing abridged legendae novae of the 13th and 14th centuries. P. Meyvaert and P. Devos also attempted to clarify the place of the so-called Moravian Legend in the nexus of Latin Cyrillo-Methodian legends of the Bohemian lands. The paper discusses the contributions of Meyvaert and Devos from the perspective of the development of Cyrillo-Methodian studies. It analyses the main approaches used for the successful solutions to age-old issues and the hypotheses that provoked debate with Jaroslav Ludvikovský (1895-1984).

4

Preface

84%

Ivanova M.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

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2023

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vol. 17

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issue 2 Cyrillo-Methodian Written Culture: From Medieval Sources to the Latest Research

161-166

XX

The present number 2 of “Studies into the History of the Book and Book Collections” (“Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi”) journal is dedicated to the Cyrillo-Methodian literary culture seen from a historical perspective, as well as to the scholarly research on the topic. All studies included in the edition are interconnected since they focus on Slavonic, Greek, and Latin works related to the Cyrillo-Methodian subject. At the centre of the research field are the lives and the works of Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher and his brother Methodius, canonized as saints already in the Middle Ages and in more recent years declared as co-patrons of Europe. Born in Thessaloniki, they grew up in the bilingual Greek-Slavonic milieu of their hometown receiving the highest education in the Byzantine capital. Later, they became Christian missionaries on behalf of the Byzantine emperor, who sent them out to the Khazars, the Saracens and the Western Slavs. It was for the benefit of the Slavs of Great Moravia that Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher and Methodius devised the first Slavonic alphabet, called the Glagolitic alphabet (the name comes from the Old Slavonic word глаголат - I speak). By virtue of this achievement they were regarded as the first educators of the Slavs, and after their death were venerated as Slavonic saints of both the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Roman Catholic Churches. Included in the Cyrillo-Methodian subject are all sources related to the saintly brothers (especially the earliest ones dated to the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century), their own philological work (the Slavonic alphabet and their original literary compositions, as well as the first translations of the Bible to Old Church Slavonic). The scholarly research on the topic extends also to the teaching and literary activities of the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius, and further to every literary and artistic work related to the Cyrillo-Methodian traditions from the 12th century to the present day. Already in the Middle Ages these works were considered Slavonic, while today in the Western vocabulary the language of Cyril and Methodius is known as Old Church Slavonic. In Bulgaria this language is called Old Bulgarian since the first Slavonic alphabet displays the characteristic features of old local variants of the Bulgarian language. Intended for the lands of Prince Rastislav, travelling to Venice and Rome, in the end of the 9th century, after the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, the Glagolitic alphabet arrived in Bulgaria, and the work of the saintly brothers saw its continuity and flourish among the Bulgarians. Furthermore, the second Slavonic alphabet, named after St Cyril and known as Cyrillic around the world, was created in Bulgaria. In the Middle Ages, the Cyrillic alphabet

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Wiara, kult i kultura jako istotne elementy w misyjnej działalności świętych Cyryla i Metodego

67%

Leśniewski K.

ELPIS

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2013

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vol. 15

33-42

EN

Sts. Cyril and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs, for many centuries have been in the interest of the whole Christian world. This article is an attempt of presenting the vital connection between Christian faith, liturgical cult, and culture on the basis of the Byzantine mission addressed to the Slavs, which was led in the second half of 9th century. Starting from the comparison of the missionary methods used by the Christian East and West in the Middle Ages, then we will turn our attention to Sts. Cyril’s and Methodius’ unique contribution to the proclamation of Christ among the Slavs. In this missionary work, of the great importance was the creation of a new alphabet, and the use of the Slavic language in the proclamation of the Good News, as well as translations of the Bible and liturgical books into Slavonic. The rootedness in the Byzantine liturgical tradition, and drawing from the treasury of the Eastern Roman Empire contributed in a creative and very original way to the formation of the native Slavic culture. In the final part of article there is posed the problem of the effective proclamation of the Good News in the contemporary world in relation to the Cyrillo-Methodian model of mission.

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Święci Cyryl i Metody w świetle filiokwistycznej idei Karola Wielkiego

59%

Doroszkiewicz W.

ELPIS

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2013

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vol. 15

43-48

EN

During twelve years St. Methodius build up Slavonic Church in Central Europe. His position was a singulary difficult one. He had to contend with problems caused by Franks. The Frankish clergy did everything possible to undermine his authority: their resentment of his archiepiscopal powers and their dogged opposition to the Slavonic liturgy now combined with a theological grievance, which they loudly voiced both in Moravia and in Rome. The Frankish Church now firmly committed to the doctrine of the filioque. It had already arisen in 867, when patriarch Photius denounced the Franks for spreading filioque in Bulgaria. Now in Moravia, between 879 and 885, filioque flared up afresh, embittering the last years of Methodius’ life. The Church of Rome, though it did not formally accept filioque until the early eleventh century, had already begun to adopt it unofficially. The Byzantine Church strongly objected to the filioque, partly on the grounds that any alternation to the Creed had been expressly forbidden by the ecumenical councils, and partly because it believed to be theologically erroneous. Methodius, who, despite his position as papal legate, remained a Byzantine in outlook, could not fail to regard this doctrine, accepted by Frankish subordinate clergy as heretical. The filioque was to become the basic theological issue in the medieval controversies between the Byzantine and Roman Churches.

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4 ELPIS

2 Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

1 Batalova S.

1 Doroszkiewicz W.

1 Ivanova M.

1 Leśniewski K.

1 Mironowicz A.

1 Ławreszuk M.

2 2023

4 2013

Mnich i teolog – charakterystyka Świętych Braci na podstawie tekstów liturgicznych

The Methodian mission on the Polish lands until the dawn of 11th century

Paul Meyvaеrt and Paul Devos Duo Candelabra Cyrillomethodiana

Preface

Wiara, kult i kultura jako istotne elementy w misyjnej działalności świętych Cyryla i Metodego

Święci Cyryl i Metody w świetle filiokwistycznej idei Karola Wielkiego