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Všeobecné volební právo jako demokratický axiom: některé konsekvence pro teorii i praxi moderní masové demokracie

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Kunštát D.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

2009

vol. 1

issue 1

110-124

The study tackles some key aspects of voters’ decision making in modern mass democracies vis a vis the changes of paradigm of political party membership since the implementation of universal suffrage. The implementation of universal suffrage, the study argues, brought about also mass party membership, which presupposed tight integration of an individual into a distinct socio-cultural collective body. The parties thus begun to expand into the „civic“ sphere, which enabled the identification of a single voter with respective political representation, the Agrarian party of the First Czechoslovak Republic being a typical example for Kunštat. The end of the World War II, however, is accompanied by growing diversity of institutions and interests within the modern democracies. The parties oriented on voters from different social backgrounds, which pursued a large number of concrete goals, begun to assert themselves. The political conflicts and interests thus became gradually de-ideologized. Parallel to that, these types of political parties were unable to tackle the interests and problems of post-industrial society (gender question, nuclear energy, abortion etc.) According to Kunštat, today the modern media seem to play the key role of an almost single producer of public discourse and also of a very strong tool of social control. Voters’ decision making, the study concludes, is thus nowadays defined more by their political socialization or party identification than by rational choice.

Volby a národní politické reprezentace v Českých zemích 1848/1861–1918

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Hlavačka M.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

2009

vol. 1

issue 1

9-23

After 1848 the inhabitants of three core Bohemian Crown Lands voted for several representative bodies. In 1848 deputies of the Reichstag in Vienna were elected, as well as deputies of the Bohemian Diet in Prague, of the Moravian Diet in Brno and of the broadened Silesian Convent in Opava. Following 1861, i.e. after the revival of constitutionality, renewed elections were held for the Bohemian, as well as for the Moravian and Silesian Diets, and after 1873 even for the Reichstag in Vienna. After 1849, or better to say after 1864, when the new electoral code for the local self-governments came into effect, other local elections were held, which were supplemented in Bohemia with other elections for the district governments. Except of that, following the year 1850 the businessmen, industrialists and tradesmen voted for the Chambers of Commerce with their residence in Prague, Pilsen, Česke Budějovice, Liberec, Cheb, Brno, Olomouc and Opava. The aim of the study is to confront the election results with the ethnical affiliation and to rethink the question, to what extent the different electoral codes could have influenced the political and national split in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia prior to the World War I.

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2 Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

1 Hlavačka M.

1 Kunštát D.

2 2009

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Všeobecné volební právo jako demokratický axiom: některé konsekvence pro teorii i praxi moderní masové demokracie

Volby a národní politické reprezentace v Českých zemích 1848/1861–1918