In October 2020, a manuscript by Anton Ivanovich Losev (1765–1829), a Russian surveyor who lived at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, was submitted for digitisation within the Jagiellonian Library’s “Patrimonium – Monuments of Literature” project. Apart from the text, the manuscript contains a number of colourful hand-made drawings and bears a long title in Russian: “Abridged description of the river Lena with addition of a general map and drawings of all peculiarities and qualities on its banks, drawn up by the district surveyor Anton Losev in the years 1785–1786.” Losev himself was widely known in Siberia, especially in Irkutsk, as a surveyor, geographer, cartographer, historian, and explorer, however elsewhere in Russia and in Poland he and his works are all but forgotten. The paper is devoted to this unique manuscript discovered in the Jagiellonian Library and contains also an edition of the original work published for the first time.
PL
W październiku 2020 roku do digitalizacji w ramach projektu Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej (BJ) „Patrimonium – Zabytki piśmiennictwa” został przekazany rękopis dzieła żyjącego na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku rosyjskiego mierniczego Antona Iwanowicza Łosiewa (1765–1829). Rękopis poza tekstem zawiera kolorowe odręcznie malowane rysunki i nosi długi tytuł w języku rosyjskim: „Skrócony opis rzeki Leny z dodatkiem mapy generalnej oraz rysunków wszystkich osobliwości i przymiotów przy brzegach jej, sporządzony przez powiatowego mierniczego Antona Łosiewa w latach 1785–1786”. Sam Łosiew był szeroko znany na Syberii, szczególnie w Irkucku, jako mierniczy, geograf, kartograf, historyk oraz krajoznawca, jednakże na pozostałym terenie Rosji oraz w Polsce jego sylwetka i prace są praktycznie zapomniane. Artykuł jest poświęcony odnalezionemu w BJ unikatowemu rękopisowi, zawiera również edycję oryginalnego tekstu publikowaną po raz pierwszy.
In the years of 1863-1867, around 25 200 Poles were exiled to European Russia, to Caucasus, and Siberia. The majority of Poles were exiled to the Yenisey Guberniya after the January Uprising. Until 1863, 80-90% of political exiles belonged to higher and enlightened social spheres; one can say that they were the elite of the Polish nation. After 1863, the composition of the exiles was different: many simple people fought in the insurgent groups. Under new conditions in exile, the representatives of the lower social spheres most often married the local inhabitants because they could rely on some help from their wives’ families, could make their homestead stable, and establish a permanent foundation for their life in Siberia. Most certainly more exiled Poles would have married and stayed in Siberia, had there been no amnesty. Not all the Poles, however, took advantage of this amnesty. After their return to their homeland they often complained that they could find no compassion on the part of society, were treated with indifference, and the great merits of the Poles in Siberia were neglected. Those Poles who stayed in Siberia after the amnesty, had contributed to the development of Siberia at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Polish intelligentsia in the Yenisey Guberniya deserve our special attention: first and foremost they worked in education and brought medical assistance to the local people. Ancestors of the January Uprising exiles have been establishing Polonia cultural and national associations since the 1990s.
This work presents a document that has not yet been published or cited in historical literature, found in the collection of GAIO (Государственный архив Иркутской области [Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Irkutskoy oblasti] in Irkutsk, Russia, fond 24, opisaniye 3, karton 2226, delo 11, listok 31-32. This is a report on the situation of the first several dozen priests (“ксендзов [ksendzov]”) resettled in the village of Tunka in Eastern Siberia in the spring of 1866 in order to isolate them from other exiles on whom – as claimed by the authorities’ knowledge – they had a “detrimental influence (вредное влиянье [vrednoye vliyan'ye])”, strengthening their “religious fanaticism”, and for a tighter control over them. The document is presented in its original, Russian version, but is preceded by an introduction in Polish by Eugeniusz Niebelski, who tells about its history, content and the village of Tunka itself. The report in question was prepared by Major Mikhail Kupenkov (formerly Kupenko) following his earlier inspection in Tunka.
PL
W niniejszej pracy jest prezentowany dokument dotychczas niepublikowany ani też niecytowany w literaturze historycznej, znajdujący się w zbiorach GAIO – Государственный архив Иркутской области [Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Irkutskoy oblasti] w Irkucku, fond 24, opis 3, karton 2226, dieło 11, listok 31-32. Jest to raport mówiący o sytuacji pierwszych kilkudziesięciu duchownych przesiedlonych do wioski Tunka na Syberii Wschodniej wiosną 1866 r. celem izolowania ich od innych zesłańców, na których – wedle wiedzy władz – mieli „szkodliwy wpływ (вредное влиянье [vrednoye vliyan'ye])”, umacniając ich „religijny fanatyzm”, oraz dla ściślejszej kontroli nad nimi, Dokument jest publikowany w oryginalnej, czyli rosyjskiej wersji językowej, ale został poprzedzony polskojęzycznym wstępem autorstwa Eugeniusza Niebelskiego, informującym o jego historii i zawartości oraz samej Tunce. Raport sporządził major Michaił Kupienkow (wcześniej Kupienko) po wcześniejszej swojej inspekcji w Tunce.
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