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Cílová orientace ve výuce fyziky: exkurz do subjektivních teorií učitelů

100%
Janík T.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 1
12-33
EN
The study presents selected results of a research on subjective theories of physics teachers at lower secondary schools. Against the background of current transformation of the Czech school curriculum the author focuses on the category of „teaching goals“. In an effort to find out what goals should be pursued in physics instruction according to teachers and how these goals are achieved through teaching, a research was conducted on subjective theories of teachers. The research, which follows the video analysis of physics carried out by the Educational Research Centre, Faculty of Eduation, Masaryk University (Janík a Miková, 2006), involved eleven teachers with whom semi-structured interviews were held. The teachers’ statements were then coded using a categorial system covering various aspects of their subjective theories (teaching goals, conceptions of subject matter, teaching and learning, pupils’ preconceptions, role of experiments). In this paper we present only the results related to the issue of teaching goals. We offer answers to these two questions: 1) What goals should be pursued in physics instruction according to teachers? 2) How do teachers achieve these goals through physics instruction? The results suggest that teachers consider the most important goal in physics instruction improving pupils’ awareness of the significance of physics for understanding everyday problems and basic physical concepts and principles. Concerning achieving teaching goals we mostly identified explicit work with goals whereas the category of „goals“ is in most cases matched with the category of „content“. Teachers scarcely referred to achieving the goals that would enhance reflection and awareness of a learning situation of pupils.
2
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Vizuální prostředky pro výuku reálií: výsledky analýzy učebnic němčiny

100%
Pešková K.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2012
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vol. 22
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issue 2
243-256
EN
The study presents results of a quantitative analysis of visuals for teaching culture in German language textbooks. The research sample consisted of four textbooks for teaching German as a second foreign language at lower secondary schools. The results showed some tendencies which the textbooks have in common, particularly concerning types and contents of the visuals. On the contrary, the main diff erences between the textbooks were identified in functions of the visuals. Based on the findings of the analysis some tips on improving the textbooks are suggested at the end of the study.
3
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Dovednosti žáků základní školy ve výuce fyziky: výzkum dovedností a procesu jejich osvojování

86%
Vaculová I.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 2
3-21
EN
The study presents methodology and preliminary results of the research dealing with the topic of skill acquisition in basic school pupils. The work within this project is divided into several parts. First, the level of acquisition of the selected skills by the pupils (basic school, 6th class) was investigated using a specific didactic test. Within this test the most difficult tasks for the pupils were identified and the results between the groups of girls and boys were compared. Next, the process of skill acquisition was studied in detail. Using videostudies, i. e. the investigation of teaching based on analysis of video records, the author examined the role of the tasks in the process of skill acquisition. The videostudies involve 27 physics lessons, focused on the topic of Composition of forces.
4
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Příležitosti k rozvíjení řečových dovedností ve výuce anglického jazyka: samostatně anebo v integraci

72%
Šebestová S., Najvar P., Janík T.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2011
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vol. 21
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issue 3
322-348
EN
Contemporary approach to foreign language education is based on the communicative approach and the communicative competence as its goal. The question is, to what extent the goals are reflected in foreign language classes. The aim of the presented empirical study was to explore the quantity of opportunities which pupils have to develop language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) in Czech lower-secondary English classes. The research employs a video-based methodology. A research instrument – a system of categories based on the concept of language skills was developed. The research findings showed that pupils had more opportunities to use receptive skills (reading, listening) than productive skills (speaking, writing). Receptive skills were more often than productive skills used in separation. All language skills were often used in integration but there were not many opportunities for pupils to engage in more complex activities integrating three or four language skills.
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