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Temporal discounting in RHA/Verh and RLA/Verh rats: Adaptation to food deprivation

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Ostaszewski P., Karzel K., Bialaszek W.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
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vol. 35
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issue 2
91-97
EN
The aim of the research was to test the hypothesis formulated by Ostaszewski, Karzel, and Szafranska (2003) that the way the rate of discounting of delayed food rewards changes in response to deprivation procedure depends on the temperamental characteristics of the animals. We performed a systematical replication of our previous studies, with more severe deprivation procedure, and with rats of both genders, coming from two different sublines: RHA/Verh, and RLA/Verh, the former being less emotionally reactive. There were no between strain differences in the discounting. However, we found that the deprivation procedure affected the rate of discounting only in the more reactive strain (RLA/Verh): the rats during deprivation discounted delayed rewards more steeply, then after the deprivation was withdrawn. Moreover, rats of the different genders appeared to systematically differ in the rates of discounting: female discounted the value of delayed food rewards at a higher rate than male rats did. Based on this and other work, we conclude that the apparent similarity of the discounting process across species and genders, as well as similarities of the direction of differences between the genders and environmental richness reported in human and animal studies, support the claim that the discounting process is a general, biological process with highly important adaptive value for all animals.
2

Temperament and discounting of delayed and probabilistic losses

100%
Ostaszewski P., Karzel K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2005
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vol. 36
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issue 2
117-126
EN
The present study examined the relationship between temperament traits and the rate of discounting of delayed and probabilistic losses. It was found that the rate at which delayed losses were discounted was related to sensation seeking and impulsivity (groups of high sensation seekers and high impulsive subjects discounted at a higher rate than groups with the opposite temperamental characteristics), but not to extraversion. The rate at which probabilistic losses were discounted did not differ between high and low sensation seeking participants, nor between introverts and extroverts. However, high impulsive participants showed lower probabilistic discounting rates than low impulsive individuals. The study revealed an important inconsistency between the way impulsivity is defined in behavioural psychology and in the psychology of individual differences.
3

Discounting of delayed and probabilistic gains and losses by poor and wealthy people

100%
Ostaszewski P., Karzel K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2007
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vol. 38
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issue 2
79-87
EN
Previous research has found that older adults with lower income discounted hypothetical delayed rewards significantly faster than older adults with higher income. The aim of the present research was to investigate further the relationship between income level and the rate of discounting of delayed and probabilistic gains and losses. Two experiments are reported. The first experiment addresses the question whether relatively poor and relatively wealthy people differ in the rates at which they discount delayed and probabilistic gains. The second study addresses an analogous question, however in the domain of delayed and probabilistic losses. Consistently, both experiments have shown that people with lower income discounted the value of delayed and probabilistic gains and delayed losses at a higher rate than people with higher income level did. In the case of probabilistic losses no significant differences between groups were found. The correlative nature of the experiments does not allow, however, to draw a conclusion about the direction of the cause and effect relation between the two variables: the income level and the rate of discounting.
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