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1

VIOLENCE AND TERROR (Przemoc i terror)

100%
Skarga B.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2009
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vol. 8
|
issue 4(25)
47-56
EN
Violence, according to the authoress of the paper, is one of the 'categories' that organize the contemporary thinking. Reflecting on violence, she refers to classical works on the subject to sketch a rich semantic field of this category. She pays more attention to Edward Dembowski's investigations who distinguished different kinds of violence, including mental violence. However, she does not share his faith that with education this kind of violence must disappear. By referring to reflections of H. Arendt, Marx and Heidegger, the authoress claims that elements of violence are hidden in every action that we undertake, and both in negative and positive dimension. Violence can be integral to creativity. It shows its negative side when it degenerates into terror. The inspiration to shed light on connections of violence and terror comes from Bronislaw Baczko's book 'Jak wyjsc z Terroru' (literally: How to End the Terror, English translation: Ending of Terror. The French Revolution after Robespierre), and the problem is the question in the title of the book. It is not easy to end the terror, and psychology and psychiatry also have difficulties in treating the tendencies towards terror of individuals who seem apparently normal. The case of violence is similar - it is, as the authoress claims after Heidegger - somehow written into our existence. Not every kind of violence results in terror. The fact that we cannot (or do not want to) fight against it is evidence of human susceptibility to evil and our moral weakness.
2

TRESTNOPRÁVNA OCHRANA SPOLOČNOSTI PRED TERORIZMOM – ČESKÝ A SLOVENSKÝ POHĽAD

100%
Jalč A.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 4
322 – 335
EN
Many states have not national anti- terror laws until September 11, 2001. Political violence was dealt with by the ordinary criminal law. Since then was passed a lot of new anti- terror statutes in the world (for instance in the five years following September 11, Australia enacted 37 new federal laws), which primary objective and task is to ensure that police and other agencies have the sufficient powers they need to protect the community. This complicated social phenomenon is possible to understand better only by analysis of the aspects of terrorism as the key factors, to find the effective forms of fight against the terrorism, the receiving of effective measures to prevent the creation of terrorism not only on the national level but also on the international level and also by co-operation among the individual countries of world. Based on the fact of evolving counter-terrorism legislation, the contribution seeks to answer the question: what is the range in which it is possible to respect fundamental criminal law principles and fundamental human rights as such in this relatively sensitive area. In this context the contribution pointed to a specific group of criminal legal tools that are used more often in the area of combating terrorism. Content of this contribution is to bring information on new felonies of the terrorism under Criminal Code in Slovak and Czech Republic. In first part is describes basic legislative bases, that are necessary if we want serious dealt by this problem. Additional parts suggest the actual state and the last stage analyse manners fight against terrorism in both republic.
3

ANDRZEJ WALICKI'S CONCEPTION OF SELF-DISINTEGRATING TOTALITARIANISM (Andrzeja Walickiego koncepcja 'samo-dezintegrujacego sie' totalitaryzmu)

100%
Sitek R.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
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2010
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vol. 9
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issue 3(28)
467-485
EN
Various research interests of Andrzej Walicki include the problem of the concept and practice of totalitarianism, as well as of the conceptualization of the process of detotalitarianization. The author devoted a lot of space to these problems in his fundamental work 'Marxism and the Leap to the Kingdom of Freedom. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Utopia'. Following the steps of Hannah Arendt, George Orwell, and Czeslaw Milosz, Walicki underlines the force of communist ideology 'from within' as a specific 'secularized, immanentized version of millenarist terror of the collective salvation on Earth'. Totalitarianism, understood as the combination of terror with the ideocratic coercion leading to the internalization of the 'New Faith' culminated in Poland in 1954. The developments caused by 'Polish October 1956' liberalized the system, by constraining the scope of the state's power and increasing the range of negative freedom available for Poles. The subsequent de-ideologization of the system not only did increase the autonomy of Poles in their private life, but also opened new spheres of freedom in intellectual life and culture. In the economic sphere, the detotalitarianisation of the system was supported by pathological phenomena, i.e., corruption, 'clientelism', dirty business 'connections' that effectively disintegrated the mechanisms of state central planning and control
4
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RUSKÝ KOMUNIZMUS A DUCH PRVEJ SVETOVEJ VOJNY

88%
Bohun M.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2014
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vol. 3
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issue 2
5 – 11
EN
In this study, the author aims his attention to relatively intricate but frequently described era of the First World War and communist revolution in Russia. In regard to unclear character of available terms, the text provides reflection on hidden nature of the Russian communism and its more or less immediate causes. The author points to the connection between First World War as a modern war and Russian communism, its essence and characteristic features. The question of relation between Russian communism and modern war is examined through the prism of ideas of two famous Russian philosophers of “The Silver Age” who were immediate witnesses of war as well as of revolution: Fedor Stepun and Evgenij Trubeckoj.
5
Content available remote

Miserere. Aesthetics of Terror

75%
Incampo A.
Avant
|
2011
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vol. 2
|
issue 2
EN
I say: “Oh, what a beautiful surrealist picture!” With quite precise awareness: this páthos, these emotions of mine do not stem from our common sense. An aesthetic judgment is founded on an immediate subjective intuition: an emotion or a free feeling of a single subject towards an object. A universal sense, possibly. Some judgments of ours in ethics and in law are no different from our perceptions in front of art. It would be the same for a hypothetical sentence of the judge that concluded with these words: “I acquit Arsenio Lupin because of his magnificent handlebar moustache like that of Guy de Maupassant”. Everyone would think intuitively that it is an unfair sentence. Is there aesthetics of terror? The case that the article intends to examine is that of the famous kidnapping and murder of the Italian statesman Aldo Moro by the “Brigate Rosse” [Red Brigades] (1978). The method used here consists in studying the image of the kidnapping as iconic documentation of reality, and, above all, as an ethical-legal judgment about the terrorist crime. Moro was photographed during his kidnapping. There are at least two pictures. Both constitute an extraordinary source for a judgment on the basis of an image. In both of them, Aldo Moro is pictured in front of a Red Brigades banner during the captivity. In what sense do these pictures document an aesthetic judgment concerning the “case Moro”? The answer can be found in a remarkable iconic coincidence of these pictures with a masterpiece by Georges Rouault (Paris 1871-1958) devoted to the theme of the “Ecce Homo”. The Gospel in the “Ecce Homo” scene (John: 19, 4-5) narrates how Pontius Pilate wanted to arouse the compassion of the people with a scourging and the exposure of Jesus to the crowd. The plate under consideration is entitled “Qui ne se grime pas?” [Who does not have a painted face?] and is a key work in Rouault’s suite of prints Miserere, dated for 1923.
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