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FROM THE MAY 3 CONSTITUTION DAY CELEBRATIONS, TO 'THE BARTEK BIEDA SHOW'. POLISH AND POLISH DIASPORA CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1870-1930 (Od obchodow konstytucji 3 Maja po 'Bartek Bieda Show': kultura polska i polonijna w USA 1870-1930)

100%

Adam W.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

2010

vol. 36

issue 2(136)

73-91

The text describes Polish American ideas on their own identity, as demonstrated in the public sphere. Initially, the leaders of the group, of different ideological orientations, tried to inculcate immigrants' sense of belonging to the Polish nation and of their patriotic duty to maintain Polish Catholicism and religiosity. This was accomplished in part through celebrations, anniversaries, the choice of theatre repertory, and so on. World War I brought an end to this first period. In the 1920s and 1930s the previously promoted version of a very patriotic and (in the case of the clerical camp) Catholic culture - simulating the status quo existing on Polish soil - was replaced by the Polish-American working-class culture. This was demonstrated in part by the extraordinary popularity of creatively transformed Polish folk music disseminated on a massive scale, and the unusual phenomenon of radio programmes and radio novels broadcast in Polish by various radio stations i.e. in Chicago. The displays of patriotic, hagiographic-religious or patriotic-independence culture seen before the War were replaced by discourse on the reality of Polish Diaspora families and the Polish Diaspora. Stage works were replaced by original texts written in America, therefore reflecting the everyday life of Polish Diaspora families living in American working-class cities. Radio shows, novels and radio series referred to and used a mixture of Polish-American dialect and the group's language. They only talked about the problems of the Polish Diaspora in the U.S. and they presented problems of the Polish Diaspora as native American workers.

The Birth of American Advertising

88%

MENDELOVÁ D.

Communication Today

2018

vol. 9

issue 2

4–19

The study is focused on the development of advertising in the context of social changes in the US. Its main goal is to point out how advertising reacted to some historical events and important social, economic, political or cultural changes in the US. The study is based on the concept of four crucial moments in the advertising history stated by Holm. He speaks about four phases in the general development of advertising: 1. origins, industrialisation and development, 2. professionalization, consolidation and redemption, 3. manipulation, creativity and globalisation, 4. digital advertising, algorithms and ‘dataveillance’. In this study, the attention is paid to the first phase; however, it is applied to the US historical development and cultural environment. Therefore, the first part of the text points out the nature of advertising from the colonization to the American Revolution; the second and much more extensive part of the study focuses on significant events of the 19th century, which crucially influenced and changed the history of the US, i.e. the Industrial Revolution and the Civil War. Those historical events also affected the ways of promotion; advertising mirrored the situation in society remarkably. The study’s conclusion explains the necessity of regulation and the need for the professional approach towards advertising at the turn of the 20th century.

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1 Communication Today

1 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Adam W.

1 MENDELOVÁ D.

1 2018

1 2010

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FROM THE MAY 3 CONSTITUTION DAY CELEBRATIONS, TO 'THE BARTEK BIEDA SHOW'. POLISH AND POLISH DIASPORA CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1870-1930 (Od obchodow konstytucji 3 Maja po 'Bartek Bieda Show': kultura polska i polonijna w USA 1870-1930)

The Birth of American Advertising