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EN
The present paper is an edition of Tadeusz Kowalski’s report from his trip to northeastern Bulgaria in 1929. Most of the text was prepared by Kowalski himself, as if with the intent of publication, but the work remained unfinished and, to the best of my knowledge, unpublished. The report contains a multitude of ethnographic and linguistic detail, though its overall character is more literary than scientific.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest edycją reportażu Tadeusza Kowalskiego z jego podróży do północno-wschodniej Bułgarii w 1929 r. Większa część tekstu została przygotowana na czysto przez samego Kowalskiego, jak gdyby z zamiarem publikacji, jednak praca pozostała niedokończona i, o ile mi wiadomo, niewydana. Reportaż zawiera wielką ilość szczegółów etnograficznych i językoznawczych, jednak ogólnie ma charakter bardziej literacki niż naukowy.
EN
The article focuses on the survey of Jan Grzegorzewski’s Karaite-related materials kept in the archive of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. The article also analyzes the biography and contribution to the field of Karaite studies of Jan Grzegorzewski (1846/9-1922), one of the earliest students of the Karaim language in Europe. Quite an eccentric person, Grzegorzewski was at the same time traveller, litterateur, Slavicist, and Orientalist. Although some academicians (e.g. T. Kowalski) have expressed their scepticism about Grzegorzewski’s scholarly activity, there is no doubt that his Karaitica articles remain highly significant contribution to the field of the history of the Karaim language and folklore. Jan Grzegorzewski’s archival collection contains varied materials such as ethnographic and linguistic data, fairy-tales, proverbs, poetry, letters, drafts of articles, statistics, and official documents. Some interesting documents from Grzegorzewski’s collection are published as appendices at the end of the article.
EN
Archive materials enable us to find out about the beginnings of turkology in Warsaw. Polish-Asian Association (1923) organised courses in oriental languages. Later, the Oriental Knowledge School (since 1928) attached to the Oriental Institute in Warsaw was granted state subsidies. It trained officials, military men and private individuals. The Middle East Department of the School taught: Turkish language, knowledge about culture and history of Turkey. Language courses and lectures were given by some turkologists: Tadeusz Kowalski and Ananiasz Zajączkowski. Majority of lectures on social-political subjects were arranged by the authorities of the Oriental Institute. Orientalists (Lvov, Cracow, Warsaw) could not reach an agreement whether turkology studies should be organised in Lvov or developed in many universities. Support of Warsaw historians and of a prominent turkologist, Tadeusz Kowalski resulted in setting up turkology department at the Warsaw University (1.01.1934). Ananiasz Zajączkowski became the head of this department.
RU
Профессор Тадеуш Ковальский (1889–1948) переписывался c учеными из разных стран мира. Он интересовался развитием востоковедения в Советском Союзе и дорожил публикациями, полученными из СССР, а также всеми контактами, установленными с российскими учеными. Профессор стремился к сотрудничеству с Александром Самойловичем (1880–1938) – одним из самых известных тюркологов Советского Союза. И это ему частично удалось. В архивах Польской академии наук и Польской академии знаний в Кракове хранятся всего лишь три письма российского тюрколога, помеченные в каталоге под номером KIII-4, опись 174. Эти материалы, несмотря на их количество, представляют собой интересный источник о состоянии советской тюркологии в середине 1920-х годов и о советской востоковедческой среде в целом. На мой взгляд, они тем более ценны, потому что в Филиале Архива Российской академии наук в Санкт-Петербурге, где хранится наследие профессора Самойловича, нет их копий. Интересно и то, что письма профессора Т. Ковальского русскому тюркологу не сохранились. Целью данной статьи является публикация писем Александра Николаевича Самойловича Тадеушу Ковальскому вместе с их переводом на польский язык. Эти документы являются своеобразным свидетельством развития международных научных контактов между учеными Польши и Советского Союза в межвоенный период.
EN
Professor Tadeusz Kowalski (1889–1948) corresponded with scholars from practically all over the world. He was interested in the developments of Oriental studies in the Soviet Union. He valued the publications he received from the USSR, as well as all contacts he had with Russian researchers. He sought to cooperate with Alexander Samoylovich (1880–1938) – one of the most eminent Turkologists in the Soviet Union. This goal had been partially achieved. The archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków now hold, catalogued under ref. No. KII-4, j. 174, just three letters from the Russian Turkologist. Despite their small number, these materials are an engrossing source of knowledge on the state of Soviet Turkish studies in the mid 1920s and the Soviet Oriental studies community. These letters are all the more precious – as the author managed to determine – as the branch of the archives at the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, where the legacy of professor Samoylovich is kept, has no copies. It is interesting that there are no surviving copies of the letters from professor Kowalski to the Russian Turkologist. The article’s purpose is the edition of the letters of Alexander Nikolaevich Samojłowicz – a Soviet turkologist – to Professor Tadeusz Kowalski, including their translation into Polish. These documents constitute a certificate of international academic relations development between scientists from Poland and the Soviet Union in the interwar period.
EN
The article is devoted to the early history of “Rocznik Orientalistyczny”, the oldest Polish journal in the field of Oriental Studies. It was founded by a group of Polish scholars: Andrzej Gawroński, Jan Grzegorzewski, Władysław Kotwicz, Jan Rozwadowski and Tadeusz Kowalski. The first volume was published in 1915, but only the second one was attributed to the Polish Oriental Society, founded in 1923. The first seat of the editorial office was Lwów (until 1949), the second – Cracow (utill 1953), and from 1953 (until now) – Warsaw. The Polish Oriental Society was the editor of RO until 1953 (17 volumes). Since that year it has been edited by the Polish Academy of Sciences, currently by the Committee for Oriental Studies.
EN
There were eight Turcologists in 1939 in Poland, including three professors: Władysław Kotwicz at the University of Lvov, Tadeusz Kowalski at the Jagiellonian University and Ananiasz Zajączkowski at the University of Warsaw. Muslim mufti in Poland Jakub Szynkiewicz and Marian Lewicki (University of Lvov) had a PhD in Oriental studies. Stanisław Szachno-Romanowicz, employee at the Main Archives in Warsaw, had an MA in Arabic studies and a PhD in Semitic studies. Master’s degrees in Oriental studies received: Ali Woronowicz (Lvov) and Turcologist Seraja Szapszał (St. Petersburg). A distinguished author and organiser of cultural life of the Karaites was Aleksander Mardkowicz (magazine “Karaj Awazy”) and of Tartars – Leon and Olgierd Kryczyński (magazine “Rocznik Tatarski”). Stanisław Kryczyński, with an MA in history, co-operated with the Tartars. Some of them were executed for political reasons,– Leon Kryczyński by the Germans (1939), Olgierd Kryczyński by the Soviet secret police NKVD (1942), Ali Woronowicz died in NKVD prison (1941); the last two for co-operation with the “Prometeusz” movement. Tadeusz Kowalski together with other Jagiellonian University professors was imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen camp (until 8.2.1940). Jobless and emaciated, the following died of natural causes: Stanisław Kryczyński (1941), Aleksander Mardkowicz (1944) and Władysław Kotwicz (1944). The following survived the war: Jakub Szynkiewicz (emigrated in 1944), Seraja Szapszał was detained in the Lithuanian Socialist Republic, Stanisław Szachno-Romanowicz, evacuated in 1939, remained as an expatriate in London. Doing odd jobs, the following survived the war: Tadeusz Kowalski, Ananiasz Zajączkowski, Marian Lewicki. After 1945 they took up scientific work.
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