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Aspekt podmiotowy strategii podatkowej przedsiębiorstw w zakresie podatku od towarów i usług

100%

Famulska T.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 198 cz 1

225-238

EN

The article aims at presenting opportunities for applying a tax strategy by companies in the context of the tax on goods and services in the subject related layer. Major problems and decisional criteria of selection of the subject related status of companies in the context of this tax are identified. Much attention is paid to subject exemptions from the tax on goods and services and a category of the so-called "small taxpayer". An analysis of economic results of selecting diversified subject related statuses in the context of the tax on goods and services by companies is made.

2

Zarządzanie polityką rachunkowości w aspekcie prawa podatkowego

84%

Stępień M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 201

327-336

EN

Enterprises, presenting the achieved results and their financial standing, follow the superior accounting principles shaped by theory and practice, ensuring quality traits of the information under discussion. The accounting system, based on the balance sheet law, provides multiangular pieces of information, which are also used in settlement of business entities against the fiscal environment. Tax law, regulating the fiscal environment of an enterprise, serves mainly the fiscal purposes of the state. Basing on the accounting system, it differently regulates the basic notions used to determine the revenue of an entity. It makes use of economic variables in order to display the tax result achieved by a business entity, imposing the manner of valuation and the presentation of income and costs. The aim of the article was to present the output of the law theory with reference to shaping tax principles in comparison to the principles of bookkeeping. It has been demonstrated that the lack of precise specification of basic economic categories, among which there are the notions of income and costs, without the principles constituting the methodology of measuring the exploitation of resources in tax law, attributes the issue under discussion to an unstable and subjective platform for the valuation and presentation of basic economic figures. The great majority of the analysed business entities take into consideration tax regulations in the identification of income and tax costs. Due to the fact that the aims of the tax system do not overlap with the aims and principles of the balance sheet law, it seems justifiable to seek solutions implementing the principles created in the theory of tax law, which may constitute a stable base for building an effective tax system. Balance sheet law, constituting a system of reliable information about the basic economic data typical of business entities, should be correlated with a stable and well-founded tax system, which should contribute to the unification of the principles of creating one of the most basic economic variables, to which the information about the achieved results (income) by business entities belongs.

3

Instytucja interpretacji prawa podatkowego w ujęciu art. 14a i 14b Ordynacji podatkowej – aspekt teoretycznoprawny (artykuł dyskusyjny)

84%

Bekrycht T., Brolik J.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

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2012

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vol. LXXXV (85)

11-33

EN

The article contains a detailed analysis of general and individual interpretations of tax law both in terms of particular articles` content and in a philosophical and sociological perspective. It`s a new, critical look at legal norms of interpretation applied by Minister of Finance and contained in Art. 14a and 14b Polish tax law. The authors believe that the present discussion is novel due to its non-positive perspective. The authors explicitly claim that only a close cooperation between legislative, executive and judiciary can secure democratic standards in the law for i.e. both reliability and predictability of law application.

4

Podatek od wydobycia niektórych kopalin w Polsce na tle doświadczeń zagranicznych

84%

Połczyński J.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 186 cz 2

89-100

EN

Tax on extraction of certain minerals was levied in Poland on 18 April 2012. From the beginning this tax was assessed as a controversial source of central budget revenue. Tax burden and especially tax scale were judged as too high and defective. The new tax is levied only on extraction of copper and silver, which narrows the tax subject. As a result the number of taxpayers is extremely limited to one important object - KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. This company for many years belongs to the group of most fiscally effective corporate income taxpayer's in Poland. Tax on extraction of certain minerals constitutes another significant fiscal burden for business profits which hampers the ability to invest in the long term. The level of tax revenue generated from this source so far has been relatively low in comparison to main tax sources of central budget. From another point of view the level of tax revenues was not symbolic and in the period of global financial crisis should be respected. In the near future taxation subject of the considered tax will be probably extended to other types of natural resources and fuels such as shale gas or other form of hydrocarbons. Potentially the tax revenue generated by this form of taxation could be enormous, just like in many other countries (e.g. Russia, Chile, Norway). The increasing role of tax on extraction of certain minerals revenue is unavoidable due to the raising needs of central budget, which cannot be fulfill in a simple way because of mechanical increase of indirected taxes. On the other hand, taxes on natural resources will probably curb the development process of mining industry in Poland. In conclusion, the level of tax on extraction of certain minerals is not optimal or efficient. Changes in the level of tax burden seem to be necessary.

5

Składniki majątkowe w procesie likwidacji spółki osobowej - kilka uwag na gruncie przepisów prawa podatkowego

84%

Janik E.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 240

46-59

PL

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie możliwości dokonywania podatkowych odpisów amortyzacyjnych w procesie likwidacji. W pracy podkreślono, iż podatkowe znaczenie odpisów amortyzacyjnych polega na tym, że mogą być one uznane za koszt uzyskania przychodu i przez to wpłynąć na zmniejszenie wysokości płaconego podatku. W związku z tym w prowadzonej analizie wskazano na ciekawy problem, egzemplifikujący się w pytaniu: czy podmiot, który będzie prowadził indywidualną działalność gospodarczą, przejmując środki trwałe (wartości niematerialne i prawne) po spółce niemającej osobowości prawnej, w której był wspólnikiem, powinien kontynuować dotychczasową amortyzację podatkową prowadzoną w spółce niemającej osobowości prawnej, czy też ustalić na nowo wartość początkową środków trwałych i rozpocząć amortyzację (na podstawie wyceny według wartości rynkowej); stanowiska są podzielone. Przeprowadzone rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, że argumentacja przedstawiana za kontynuacją odpisów amortyzacyjnych ma wyłącznie charakter faktyczny, a nie prawny; o zmianie formy prawnej podmiotu gospodarczego, stawianej przez ustawodawcę na równi z połączeniem bądź podziałem podmiotu, można mówić jedynie w sytuacji, gdy przy zmianie ram prawnych prowadzonej działalności zostaje zachowana tożsamość podmiotu prowadzącego tę działalność. Nie można zatem mówić o kontynuacji działalności poprzednika w sytuacji, gdy owej tożsamości podmiotu brak.

EN

The goal of this article is presentation of possibilities to effectuate tax depreciation allowances during the decommissioning process. It is stressed in the article that fiscal meaning of the tax depreciation allowances consists in the fact they can be recognized as tax deductible expenses and, in this way, they can influence on paid tax mitigation. That is why, in conducted analysis, quaint problem was indicated. It exemplifies in the question: whether the subject that runs individual economic activity, repossessing fixed assets (intangible fixed assets) after a company which was organizational entity without a legal personality, where he was an associate, should continue previous tax depreciation that is appropriate to organizational entity without a legal personality, or to establish a new baseline of the fixed assets and start depreciation assessment (on the grounds of pricing according to market value). Opinions differ. Worked out considerations lead to the conclusion that argumentation supporting continuation of depreciation allowances has exclusively factual character, does not have legal character. We can discuss about legal form of a change of the economic entity, which legislator puts on the same level with merger or division of the economic entity, only when the change of the legal frameworks of run businesses, remains the identity of the subject which runs these businesses. So, we cannot discuss about the forerunner activity continuation when such an identity is lacking.

6

Rozwiązania podatkowe a płynność finansowa przedsiębiorstw

84%

Kluzek M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 198 cz 1

267-275

EN

Liquidity should be understood as the ability of the enterprise to settle short-term liabilities. Because the taxes that benefit was forced, therefore, you can consider the issue of whether the provisions from which it appears to regulate the size and timing of these liabilities are fixed so as to not jeopardize the ability to regulate other obligations of the undertaking. This concerns in particular the income tax charged on business enterprises and the tax on goods and services. The changes, which came into force on 1 January 2013, in both of these taxes are a pretext for a detailed analysis of tax solutions such as cash basis and relief for bad debts in the tax on goods and services and the principle of cost adjustments in income tax in the context of liquidity companies. Also raises the question whether the tax law is the right place, and the tax regulations effective tool to combat congestion payments.

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5 Studia Ekonomiczne

1 Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

1 Bekrycht T.

1 Brolik J.

1 Famulska T.

1 Janik E.

1 Kluzek M.

1 Połczyński J.

1 Stępień M.

1 2015

4 2014

1 2012

Aspekt podmiotowy strategii podatkowej przedsiębiorstw w zakresie podatku od towarów i usług

Zarządzanie polityką rachunkowości w aspekcie prawa podatkowego

Instytucja interpretacji prawa podatkowego w ujęciu art. 14a i 14b Ordynacji podatkowej – aspekt teoretycznoprawny (artykuł dyskusyjny)

Podatek od wydobycia niektórych kopalin w Polsce na tle doświadczeń zagranicznych

Składniki majątkowe w procesie likwidacji spółki osobowej - kilka uwag na gruncie przepisów prawa podatkowego

Rozwiązania podatkowe a płynność finansowa przedsiębiorstw