In the present study, which examined the coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine, the Telegram posts (n=4427) of mainstream news media and alternative news media were compared. The research period covered two separate months (9 November – 9 December 2020, and 24 February – 24 March 2021). Quantitative content analysis and the comparative method of data analysis were applied to analyze gathered data. The findings demonstrated a clear division between mainstream news coverage and alternative news coverage in terms of topics and sources, yet not in the story tone of the presented information, which may be the result of the distinct priorities of the two media types in relation to news presentation. Moreover, the study revealed that the mainstream media published more posts about the pandemic than the alternative media, which was also the case for the number of political sources that outweighed the overall number of health sources. What can be concluded on the basis of the conducted analysis is that both mainstream and alternative news media contributed to the politicization of the coronavirus in Ukraine.
PL
W prezentowanym tekście analizie poddano relacje informacyjne dotyczące pandemii COVID-19 na Ukrainie. W swoim badaniu, Autor porównuje posty publikowane na platformie społecznościowejTelegram (n=4427) prezentowane przez tradycyjne i alternatywne media informacyjne w dwóch odrębnych miesiącach (okres od 9 listopada do 9 grudnia 2020 r., oraz okres od 24 lutego do 24 marca 2021 r.), stosując ilościową analizę treści oraz metodę porównawczą. Wyniki pokazują wyraźną różnicę między postami tradycyjnych i alternatywnych mediów pod względem tematów i źródeł, ale nie w tonie emocjonalnym, co może wskazywać, iżtradycyjne i alternatywne media kierują się różnymi priorytetami podczas prezentacji informacji. Co więcej, pierwsza kategoria mediów opublikowała więcej wpisów na temat pandemii niż druga, a liczba źródeł politycznych przewyższa liczbę źródeł medycznych. Dodatkowo, na podstawie uzyskanych informacji badawczych, można wyciągnąć wniosek, że zarówno tradycyjnejak i alternatywne media informacyjne przyczyniały się do upolitycznienia pandemii koronawirusa na Ukrainie.
This study sought to explore the formality styles of writing among intermediate EFL Iranian learners to scrutinize their competence in the writing skill. A convenience sample of 30 students were chosen through Oxford Quick Placement Test (2001) from among 60 university students. The first group sent their messages (essay tasks) through e-mail and the second group used Telegram. A corpus containing a total of 240 written texts was extracted from both groups. This corpus was then analyzed and compared in terms of formality styles. A detailed comparison of the two sub-corpora revealed a significant difference between texts written and sent by Telegram application and e-mails. The results of data analysis also indicated that informality and formality markers potentially function as distinctive factors, capable of differentiating between the texts sent by Telegram and e-mails. Ultimately, the essays sent by Telegram (containing 5 factors including contractions, questions, modal verbs, opening sentences, vocabulary) were recognized to use more informal styles of writing than emails. Taking the current study’s findings into account, academic writing pedagogy may benefit from a focus on employing appropriate writing strategies and techniques to accelerate Iranian university students’ writing development.
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