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„Intertekstualna biblioteka” Franciszka Villona

100%

Gęsicka A.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

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2019

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issue 9(12) cz.2

201-215

EN

In this article, I focus on the intertextual dimension of Franc¸ois Villon’s poems: Lais and Testament. The ‘intertextual library’ is the internal knowledge that is used by the poet. I analyse intertextual references that appear as directly mentioned names or book titles and literary allusions easily identified by the reader. The principle behind their selection and juxtaposition in particular verses is the starting point for examining the function of their use from the perspective of the supposed author’s intention.

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Forma testamentu w prawie amerykańskim

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Kucia B.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2012

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vol. 21

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issue 2

419 -527

EN

There is no unlimited principle of liberty in regard to form of last will and testament in the United States law. Subject to statutory regulation on the contrary, a testament shall not be valid, unless made in accordance with formalities prescribed by statutes of wills. Therefore the testator has the right to make a testament only in such form that is provided by a wills act. In this article author discusses the question of form of last will and testament in the United States law (more precisely: laws of states forming the United States). However, a detailed description of each formal requirement of every testament’s form prescribed by states’ laws is not the aim of this study. The references to concrete testamentary formalities are made only when it is useful in analysis of general solutions applied in the field of forms of testament. Moreover, the scope of this study is limited only to two forms of testaments, which are the most popular forms in American statutes of wills, i.e. formal will (also known as: witnessed or attested will) and holographic will. It is not the purpose of this article to examine other forms of testament provided by states’ laws (e.g. notarial testament, oral will, soldiers’ and sailors’ will, military testamentary instrument, electronic will). In this article, the main focus is placed on issues relating to the formalism of American regulations concerning the forms of testament. In author’s opinion, the formalism should not be identified only with the doctrine of strict compliance (i.e. restrictive interpretation of statutes prescribing formal requirements of will). The concept of formalism should be read more broadly. Formalism is typical phenomenon of every regulation regarding form of testament (with the exception of total lack of formalities). However, a level of formalism may be different. It is affected mainly by the content of statute of wills and the method of judicial interpretation of that statute of wills. After discussion on preliminary issues, the paper presents the changes in respect to formalism that have been made over the years in American: law, judicial practice and legal science. First of all, author analyses the traditional approach to form of testament and the formalism connected with it, i.e. mainly the doctrine of strict compliance and regulations regarding formal requirements in force before. Secondly, he discusses the trend occurring in the United States to reduce the formalism. Those remarks concern the legislative changes in that respect and judicial approval of the doctrine of substantial (sufficient) compliance. Author examines also some doctrines proposed in literature, i.e. substantial compliance doctrine (by Prof. J.H. Langbein) and dispensing power (harmless error) doctrine. In the last chapter author presents the conclusions.

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Die Franziskaner und das Kloster St. Johannis im städtischen Leben Stralsunds im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert

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Schleinert D.

Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

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2018

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issue 4

85-93

EN

Franciscan St John’s Monastery in Stralsund, founded in 1254, occupied an important place in the religious life of that Hanseatic town in the late Middle Aged, which resulted from the role of the Franciscans played in creating the doctrine of purgatory and the ensuing concept of good deeds, which was the central point of late mediaeval piety. The numerous donations, including the testament ones, for the monastery prove the fact. In exchange for the donations the donators (private persons or guilds) were offered parcels – to build altars or chapels – and burial plots. Later the monastery offered intercessory prayer and care for the poor. The monastery and its monks enjoyed great popularity. It changed during the Reformation disturbances in the years 1523–1525. After the Reformation the monastic complex kept its character as an institution providing care for the poor.

DE

Das 1254 gegründete Franziskanerkloster St. Johannis in Stralsund nahm im religiösen Leben der spätmittelalterlichen Gesellschaft der Hansestadt eine wichtige Stellung ein. Das hatte wesentlich mit der Rolle der Franziskaner bei der Ausbildung der Lehre vom Fegefeuer und den damit untrennbar verbundenen guten Taten als dem zentralen Bestandteil der spätmittelalterlichen Frömmigkeit zu tun. Hieraus erklären sich die zahlreichen testamentarischen und sonstigen Zuwendungen für das Kloster. Im Gegenzug bot es Einzelnen, aber auch Korporationen einen Platz zur Errichtung von Altären und Kapellen sowie eine Begräbnisstätte. Fürbitten in liturgischen Gebeten kamen hinzu. Das Kloster und seine Mönche waren durchaus beliebt, was sich aber im Verlauf der reformatorischen Unruhen zwischen 1523 und 1525 grundlegend änderte. Nach der Reformation behielt die Klosteranlage ihren Charakter als Versorgungsanstalt für Arme bei.

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1 Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

1 Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

1 Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

1 Gęsicka A.

1 Kucia B.

1 Schleinert D.

1 2019

1 2018

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„Intertekstualna biblioteka” Franciszka Villona

Forma testamentu w prawie amerykańskim

Die Franziskaner und das Kloster St. Johannis im städtischen Leben Stralsunds im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert