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Prawicowe i lewicowe partie populistyczne po wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 2014 roku na przykładzie Wolnościowej Partii Austrii oraz Partii Lewicy w Niemczech

100%
Miecznikowska J.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
|
2015
|
issue 9
527-549
EN
The research objective of this paper is to analyse European programmes of the right wing, populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and the left wing, populist German Left Party (Die Linke), to present their 2014 election campaigns for the European Parliament, and also to assess the activities undertaken by Members of the European Parliament of these political groups on the forum of the eighth EP. The reflections presented in this work were divided into four parts. First, the analysis of a large body of literature referring to populism is made and selected concepts for indicating the characteristic features of populist groups are proposed. Next, the European programmes of the Freedom Party of Austria and the German Left party are analysed. Then, the main subjects around which the political campaign to the EP of right- and left-wing populists was concentrated are indicated. In the third part, the analysis covers the EP election results and the voter support gained by the respective groups in relation to previous European elections in which both populist groups participated. Finally, the fourth part of the paper lists the areas of ac- tivities and the tools for parliamentary work used by the MEPs from FPÖ and the Left Party, including an assessment of their influence on the policy of the current EP.
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Od PDS do Die Linke – droga niemieckich postkomunistów.

42%
Jezioro A.
Kultura i Polityka
|
2010
|
issue 8
52-72
EN
After the German reunification, the West German party system has been transferred to the new federal states. A post-communist Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) has became the only emanation of the former German Democratic Republic. The party has effectively created its image on defending the interests of the inhabitants of Eastern Germany and has become the third political force there. The PDS is also an example of a successful transformation of a post-communist party, initially supported only in Eastern Germany, into a nationwide entity, though remaining strongly populist leftwing party. Just as the transformation in the former German Democratic Republic has proceeded differently than in the other countries of the former Eastern Bloc, the history of the PDS has also been shaped differently than the history of the other post-communist political parties. Therefore, it is worth a closer look at the way this party has developed over the past two decades. The article presents an overview of the history of the PDS since its inception in December 1989 to the present day. Some activities of the party from the first years after the German reunification and the factors that have cemented its support and persistence on the German political scene (including the activity at the municipal level and the successful presentation in the role of the only group defending the interests of the new federal states) will be broached. Such issues as the relations and connections of the PDS/The Left with the other political parties and groups as well as the results obtained by the party in the Bundestag and state parliaments elections will also be discussed. The subject of the analysis will also be the most important theses of the party manifesto. Finally, the article presents the current situation of The Left, the prospects and risks for the party, linked both to its internal situation, as well as to the activities of the other parties on the German political scene.
DE
Nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung wurde das westdeutsche Parteiensystem auf die neuen Bundesländer übertragen. Die postkommunistische Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus (PDS) wurde zur einzigen Emanation der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Die Partei baute effektiv sein Image auf der Vertretung der Interessen der ehemaligen DDR-Bürger auf und wurde dort folglich zur drittstärksten politischen Kraft. Die PDS ist auch ein Beispiel für die erfolgreiche Transformation einer postkommunistischen Partei, die sich zunächst nur auf das ostdeutsche Gebiet beschränkt hat , um später bundesweit zu expandieren, ungeachtet ihres stark links-populistischen Makels . So, wie anders als in der ehemaligen DDR der Wandel in den übrigen Ländern des ehemaligen Ostblocks verlief, so gestaltete sich auch unterschiedlich die Geschichte der PDS und der anderen postkommunistischen Parteien im ehemaligen Ostblock. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Geschichte der PDS seit ihrer Gründung im Dezember 1989 bis heute. Es werden die Hauptaktivitäten der Partei in den ersten Jahren nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung geschildert und die Faktoren ihrer festen Verankerung im deutschen Parteienspektrum (einschließlich der Tätigkeit auf der kommunalen Ebene und der erfolgreichen Rollenübernahme des einzigen Interessenverteidiger der neuen Bundesländer) besprochen. Es werden auch die Beziehungen der Partei PDS/Die Linke zu ihren politischen Konkurrenten erötert, sowie die Wahlergebnisse auf der Bundes- und Landesebene analysiert. Die Analyse setzt sich ferner mit den wichtigsten Thesen des Wahlprogramms auseinander. Schließlich wird es auch auf die gegenwärtige Situation der Partei, deren Chancen und Risiken, sowohl interner, als auch externer Natur, eingegangen.
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