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EN
The Mole (Krtek) was produced in the years 1957–2002 by Czech studio Bratři v triku. All episodes were directed by Zdeněk Miler (1921–2011), creator of the title character. The series achieved a global success (it was presented in eighty-five countries), and the title character found its permanent place not only in the children’s culture, but also in pop culture in general. This article presents the observations about the music in Krtek which were gathered by the analysis of The Mole episodes produced before 1991 (Perestroika) — the essay is a part of a wider research on music in children’s animated films produced in the Central and Eastern Europe in the era of the USSR. The musical analysis is carried out using the descriptive method. The author describes the selected, representative parts of the film including the accompanying soundtrack, to present the most interesting solutions applied in the films developed by the four composers: Jaroslav Křička (1882–1969), William Bukový (1932–1968), Miloš Vacek (1928–2012) and Vadim Petrov (1932–). They have created the soundtracks rich in grasping musical ideas, at the same time referring more than once to a variety of styles and genres. However, the most common is the neoclassical aesthetics, and manifested in its two variants popular in the communist Europe — i.e. the archaic and folklore-like. The music of each composer varies in respect of the dependence on the movie itself — it is often marked by a desire to give music its autonomy (while still taking the film narration into account).
EN
The issue of settling accounts with modern history is a topic often taken up in contemporary Polish cinematography. The delicate and intriguing problems of lustration, memory, guilt, and forgiveness are, however, not only a Polish concern. In 2009, Kawasaki’s Rose, directed by Jan Hřebejku, was presented during the Berlinale. Almost a year later, Rafael Lewandowski’s debut film The Mole was released in Polish cinemas. Both the Czech and the Polish productions constitute attempts at facing the embarrassing problem faced by Poles and Czechs in terms of the problems mentioned above. A closer look at the phenomenon, viewed from two different perspectives (Polish in The Mole and Czech in Kawasaki’s Rose), provides a particularly interesting angle for analyzing this subject. In the article, the works of Rafael Lewandowski and Jan Hřebejk are compared in an effort to answer the question of what image of society emerges from these films. How do different historical and cultural conditions influence the process of shaping people’s attitudes in the face of similar problems. The author performs a film study analysis on these works, based on interviews with their authors and important reviews of them. Literary works that are topically connected with them, including Revised Edition by Péter Esterházy and The Curtain by Milan Kundera, constitute an essential context. 
PL
Kawasaki’s Rose and The Mole. Two Film Faces of Lustration The issue of settling accounts with modern history is a topic often taken up in contemporary Polish cinematography. The delicate and intriguing problems of lustration, memory, guilt, and forgiveness are, however, not only a Polish concern. In 2009, Kawasaki’s Rose, directed by Jan Hřebejku, was presented during the Berlinale. Almost a year later, Rafael Lewandowski’s debut film The Mole was released in Polish cinemas. Both the Czech and the Polish productions constitute attempts at facing the embarrassing problem faced by Poles and Czechs in terms of the problems mentioned above. A closer look at the phenomenon, viewed from two different perspectives (Polish in The Mole and Czech in Kawasaki’s Rose), provides a particularly interesting angle for analyzing this subject. In the article, the works of Rafael Lewandowski and Jan Hřebejk are compared in an effort to answer the question of what image of society emerges from these films. How do different historical and cultural conditions influence the process of shaping people’s attitudes in the face of similar problems. The author performs a film study analysis on these works, based on interviews with their authors and important reviews of them. Literary works that are topically connected with them, including Revised Edition by Péter Esterházy and The Curtain by Milan Kundera, constitute an essential context. 
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