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EN
National Socialism did not only constitute a political doctrine; it was also a kind of worldview that left its mark on German and pan­-European culture of the 20th century. The drastic changes that were linked to Hitler’s takeover of power confronted writers and poets with a completely new reality and wholly new conditions of the creative process. Those who could not or would not emigrate had to submit themselves (voluntarily or involuntarily) to the policies and norms decreed by the National Socialists. National Socialism – a conglomerate of different ideologies and ideologemes – perverted certain middle­-class values and ultimately aimed towards the total subjugation of all areas of life, culture being among them. The fact that the German middle­-class partly shared the values propagated by the Nazis led to an overhasty and unjust assessment of the attitude of writers belonging to the so­-called ‘Inner Emigration’. The article at hand outlines the principles of National Socialist cultural politics as well as its relationship to artists. The complicated creative situation of writers and poets in the Third Reich will be shown by representative examples.
EN
The origin of Rudolf Hagelstange’s (1912–1984) cycle of sonnets "Venezianisches Credo" was Venice, while he was temporarily stationed in northern Italy in 1944 as a soldier. Twenty-four sonnets were written in the lagoon city, four more in Breganze, the remainder in Verona, where a limited edition was published in spring 1945, after some of the sonnets had already been distributed in military circles over some months. This contribution attempts on the one hand to analyze Hagelstange’s choice of the sonnet–form – a classical type of lyric poetry, guaranteeing tradition and continuity –, claiming that at that time sonnets had become a fashionable form of oppositional poetry; on the other hand, the content of the three dozen sonnets will be analyzed, in which, over long stretches discordance prevails. For the author initially presents a damning indictment of the criminal activities of the NS-regime, until he eventually proclaims – with reference to Schiller – that the contemporary spiritual and moral crisis can yet be overcome by an ‚other Germany‘. In the final analysis, Hagelstange brilliantly succeeded – by means of an interaction of continuity and dissonance – to merge aesthetic and ethical aspects and thereby managed to create one of the most outstanding lyrical documents near the end of World War II.
EN
The article analyzes the autobiographies of the "combat era" of the NSDAP, which made it possible to show the main motivational vectors of the Führer's "parteigenosse" - to find an answer to the question of what exactly attracted their attention to Nazism in the 1920s - at the beginning of the 1930s of the 20th century. Also, many surviving competition works were analyzed, thanks to which the main motive that influenced people's electoral party choice during the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) was highlighted. This led to the legal breakthrough of the Nazis to power. For now, it can be noted that T. Abel's monograph and primary sources from the collection of the American library of Herbert Hoover are excellent sources from the era of both the Third Reich and the Weimar Republic. The right-wing radical motivation of many early members of the Nazi Party fits well with the state of dissatisfaction with the current political situation, which is also widespread in Europe in the 21st century.
PL
  W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie autobiografie „ery bojowej” NSDAP, co pozwoliło ukazać główne wektory motywacyjne „parteigenosse” Führera – znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie, co dokładnie zwróciło ich uwagę na nazizm w latach dwudziestych XX wieku – na początku lat 30. XX w. Przeanalizowano także wiele zachowanych prac konkursowych, dzięki czemu uwydatniono główny motyw, który wpłynął na wybór partii elektoratu ludowego w czasach Republiki Weimarskiej (1919-1933). Doprowadziło to do prawnego przełomu nazistów do władzy. Na razie można zauważyć, że monografia T. Abela oraz źródła pierwotne ze zbiorów amerykańskiej biblioteki Herberta Hoovera są doskonałymi źródłami zarówno z epoki III Rzeszy, jak i Republiki Weimarskiej. Prawicowo-radykalna motywacja wielu wczesnych członków partii nazistowskiej dobrze wpisuje się w stan niezadowolenia z obecnej sytuacji politycznej, który jest powszechny także w Europie XXI wieku.
UK
У статті здійснено аналіз автобіографій «бойової доби» НСДАП, що дозволило показати основні мотиваційні вектори «партайгеноссе» фюрера – знайти відповідь на питання чим саме привернув їх увагу нацизм у 20 - ті – на початку 30-х рр. ХХ ст. Також,  проаналізовано багато вцілілих конкурсних робіт, завдяки чому було виділено основний мотив, який вплинув на електоральний партійний вибір людей за доби існування Веймарської Республіки (1919-1933 рр.). Це привело до легального прориву нацистів до влади. Наразі, можна зазначити, що монографія Т.Абеля та першоджерела із зібрання американської бібліотеки Герберта Гувера є чудовим джерелом з доби існування і Третього рейху, і Веймарської Республіки. Праворадикальна мотивація багатьох ранніх членів нацистської партії добре узгоджується зі станом невдоволеності сучасною політичною ситуацією, що поширена і у Європі ХХI століття.
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