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TheLinguistic WorldviewRevisited. A Cognitive Analysis of Plant Terms

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Mierzwińska-Hajnos A.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2010
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vol. 46
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issue 4
457-479
EN
The analysis of plant names offers enormous interpretive possibilities in the field of lexical semantics. (On the name-related interpretation of an expression's meaning, see, for example, Carroll 1985.) One such possibility, for example, is to define a plant term through the prism of the linguistic worldview as proposed by Bartmiński (1999, 2007, 2009), another - by the theory of cognitive domains as delineated by Langacker (1987, 1988a, 1988b, 2005, 2008). The problem is not a trivial one: what is required of a modern lexical analysis nowadays is that it should offer an account of how, for example, the meaning of the word pansy ‘any of various plants of the genera Achimenes or Viola, especially V. tricolor or its hybrids, having flowers with velvety petals of various colors’ is related to such disparate meanings as ‘a man or boy who is considered effeminate’ or even to ‘a homosexual male’.Although both Bartmiński's and Langacker's theories can provide viable lexicographic definitions of an expression such as pansy, the two theories differ in the ways such definitions are held to be structured. Thus, using the notion of facet, Bartmiński's theory makes a clear-cut division between the so-called lexicographical definition of a word and its cognitive counterpart, "which reflects the socially preserved categorization of phenomena specific for a given language and its users" (Bartmiński 2007: 42). Langacker, in turn, by making crucial use of the so-called complex matrix of domains (Langacker 1988: 56), claims - contra Bartmiński - that "the existence of a clear-cut boundary [between linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge] has been assumed on methodological (not factual) grounds [only]ę (Langacker 1988:57; also Taylor 1989).The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate the two approaches to an expression's meaning. It is argued that of the two, it is Langacker's approach that is to be preferred, given its precise description of the processes involved in the "dynamic, on-line" account of plant meaning.
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