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The paper concerns an attitude towards art which is to be found in the writings of Theodor Lessing. Lessing’s reflections on art and its cultural role are presented in the context of his philosophy of history. The article is focused on the function which, according to Lessing, art fulfils in the process of creating history as well as lending credence to it. History itself is perceived by him as an arbitrary construct of Western culture, an ideological vision giving sense to the senseless.
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This paper presents a stream of German philosophy which reached he ights of popularity in the first thirty years of the twentieth century, and which is associated with the names of Ludwig Klages and Theodor Lessing. It is known as biological catastrophism or panromanticism. The latter term is derived from Max Scheler. The article is mostly focused on his interpretation of the biological catastrophism. Klages and Lessing argued that humanity follows the path of destruction. They wrote that the main cause of the decadence of man was mind (spirit). It is the spiritual mind which was responsible for man’s weakened vitality. The human mind invented ever new measures: philosophy, religion, art or science, but nothing will prevent us from the final defeat; unless you rediscover the importance of some vital characteristics. Some historians of philosophy believed that the philosophy of Klages and Lessing was an ally.
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