Search results

1

O filozofii prawa Trzeciej Rzeszy na sposób sokratejski: Tadeusza Guza interpretacja nazistowskiej filozofii prawa

100%

Dąbrowski K.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2014

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vol. 36

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issue 3

67 - 71

EN

The review deals with Tadeusz Guz’s monograph Filozofia prawa III Rzeszy Niemieckiej [The Philosophy of Law in the Third Reich] published by Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL. The book prompts questions about the responsibility of eminent lawyers for the preparation of the ideological foundations of Nazi crimes as well as their intellectual justification. Influenced by ideology, Hitler’s followers created pseudo-logical constructs. They also failed to transform legal positivism — which Nazism avowedly rejected — into amisconceived iusnaturalism imbued with national-socialist morality. Thus what won in the end was acasuistic post-rationalisation of the Führer’s orders and the Nazi “law” turned out to be uncodifiable and untranslatable into the language of general and abstract legal norms.

2

Kozackie formacje w służbie III Rzeszy

80%

Szymanowicz A.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2018

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issue 12

243-259

EN

After the attack of the Third Reich’s army on the Soviet Union, many Cossacks in exile declared their willingness to fight in the German formations against the hated enemy. Also, a significant part of the Cossack population in the Don, Kuban or Terek territories occupied by the Germans enthusiastically welcomed the entering Wehrmacht troops. Shortly afterwards, the Cossacks were permitted to create their local government there, and also received guarantees of cultural, educational and religious freedom. The formation of Cossack troops used by the Germans for reconnaissance and 'fighting the Soviet partisans also commenced. These soldiers were to be treated equally with German soldiers. After a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front in 1943 and after the Red Army had taken the initiative on the Eastern Front, the Cossack formations together with the accompanying civilian population created the so-called Cossack

3

Przedstawienie mistycznych źródeł nazizmu w polskiej literaturze historyczno-filozoficznej

80%

Szuppe P.

Studia Historyczne

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2016

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vol. 59

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issue 4 (236)

489-507

EN

Presenting the Mystical Roots of Nazism in Polish Historical and Philosophical Literature This article presents the mystical roots of Nazism in the Polish scholarly literature on the subject. The philosophical-religious movement, known as volkism, is presented as core of the article along with the intellectual origins of the Third Reich.

4

Polowanie na Awangardę. Zakazana sztuka w Trzeciej Rzeszy. Galeria Międzynarodowego Centrum Kultury w Krakowie

80%

Skowron F.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2012

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issue 2(3)

386-389

XX

Discussion of the exhibition "Hunting for the Avant-garde. Forbidden art in the Third Reich ", which took place in the Gallery of the International Cultural Center in Krakow, October 29, 2011-29, January 2012.

5

Die Bedeutung des Protektorats Böhmen und Mähren für das Reich aus der Sicht des Tourismus

80%

Jakubec I.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 2

293-330

EN

This issue has not yet reflected in Czechoslovak, Czech or even foreign (German) literature. The importance of the Protectorate in the area of tourism was ambivalent for the Third Reich. On one hand, there seemed to be a tendency to restrict “free” movement as such no matter whether the person was a citizen of the Protectorate or Reich including foreigners. On the other hand, we cannot ignore the efforts of the Reich and Protectorate to support the limited tourism within the Protectorate and Reich that was motivated by ideological, political or social healthcare reasons. The tendency of German offices to control the border checkpoints between the Reich and Protectorate and to control the Third Reich’s external borders had an overall negative effect.

6

Income Tax for 1939 and Occupation of Upper Silesia

80%

Graczyk K.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 1 English Online Version

5-16

XX

The article concerns the attitude of the occupation administration of the Third Reich introduced in Upper Silesia in September 1939 to the issue of income tax for 1939. The article discusses the analysis of Polish legislation and jurisprudence in the field of tax law carried out by German officials, the proposed regulation, its motives and the final solution. The considerations concerning Polish income tax were preceded by the presentation of analogous measures taken by Germany in connection with the incorporation of Austria and the Sudetenland.

7

Blut und Boden. Wokół unitarno-autorytarnej koncepcji integracji Europy

80%

Bykowska S.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2011

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vol. 8

65-93

XX

The article looks at the ideology meant to justify a few years long Nazi domination over most of Europe- Blood and Soil doctrine. It was created from a 19th century concept about the superiority of the German breed and the need for the extension of Lebensraum, ‘living space’ for the German people. The integration was achieved by the annihilation of Slavs and Jews, as well as mass removal and Germanization of the natives of the Eastern parts of the European continent. These Germanization tendencies are presented by the example of the fates of people whose land was annexed to the Third Reich. The theoretical basis for the Nazi policies for people were laid by programs amended according to the situation on the front. The most important ones are thoroughly analyzed in this article.

8

On the margins of German Vergangenheitsbewältigung. Germany's Colonial Past Revisited

80%

Bachmann K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2014

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issue 1(350)

137-152

EN

The colonial policy of the German Empire, which brought large parts of West, East and South-Western Africa under German rule, remains a puzzle. It was initiated for ideological reasons and supported mostly by the nationalist, expansionist strand of Germany's petite bourgeoisie which used to justify colonial expansion pointing to the alleged necessity to find space for emigrants, production surpluses, scarce commodities and cheap labor for the German industry. None of these objectives were ever achieved and colonialism remained a short-lived and loss-making adventure, which ended during World War I, when the German colonies were mostly taken over by Entente troops. Even as an attempt, to export social tensions by directing the attention of the working class to nationalist, expansionist issues, colonialism proved unsuccessful. Instead, the tensions between social, political and economic constraints in the colonies inclined German troops to commit large scale atrocities in East Africa and German South-West Africa against the Herero, Nama and Maji Maji peoples. In German collective memory, colonialism never played an important role, because it was marginalized by the debates about German guilt for the outbreak of World War I, the Holocaust in World War II and last but not least, because the Third Reich directed expansionism toward Central Eastern Europe and downplayed the colonial adventure of the 19th century in propaganda.

9

Druga Rzeczpospolita między Trzecią Rzeszą i Rosją Sowiecką. Troska o zachowanie pokoju w europie a los kraju mniejszego

80%

Koprowski P.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2013

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vol. 4

69-87

EN

The article presents relations between the concern of Western world powers (Great Britain and France) about keeping peace on the Old Continent and a fate of the Second Polish Republic, between huge European decision-makers' aspirations and a national interest of the lesser country, situated between the powerful neighbors - the Third Reich and the Soviet Russia. It is, at the same time, a specific contribution to the essence of European order of the Interwar period. Preserving independence and territorial integrity was the superior aim of Second Polish Republic. In connection with this, the country rested on France and Great Britain, expecting their support and help. They wanted to keep peace in Europe, which seemed - in theory at least - as some hope for the Polish country, hope to save the threatened sovereignty. Nonetheless, in practice, it turned out that the Western world powers aimed at “saving” peace at all costs, at the expense of other, lesser countries, including Poland. Poland's French and British allies - as could have been expected - would have exerted pressure on the country if Germans had clearly implied on the 31st August 1939 that, in exchange for the Polish licences to the benefit of the Third Reich, they would renounce any military decisions and thus the peace in Europe would be preserved.

10

Najwyższa Izba Kontroli w Litzmannstadt Getto - żydowska administracja samorządowa łódzkiego getta

80%

Maj J.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2014

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vol. 59

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issue 2(355)

173-192

EN

The Litzmannstadt Ghetto was established on 8th February 1940, and it was the first ghetto on the Polish land included in the Third Reich. It was located in the poor and squalid northern part of the city of ód. Altogether, over 200,000 people went through this ghetto. The ghetto had a huge administrative apparatus that in 1942 was composed of 33 agencies which employed almost 14,000 persons. In order to provide for an efficient control of this comprehensive apparatus, an external audit body was established, which was called the Supreme Audit Office. In his article, the author discusses the organisation and functioning of the ghetto NIK.

11

Totalitarna duchowość w nazistowskich Niemczech. O religii w modelu edukacji autorytarnej

71%

Drozdowicz J.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

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2019

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issue 1/271

EN

This paper aim is to reconstruct the role or religion and spirituality in the history of the Third Reich in order to highlight a much more important issue. This issue is related to the implementation of an authoritarian pedagogy in which various tools are being used to instrumentalize the human subject. Therefore this paper highlights the most significant elements of the processes that had led to the emergence of Nazi ideology and the specific form of spirituality popularized by Nazi officials. The method used to achieve this goals is based on critical analysis of the educational aspect of the mentioned process.

12

„Prosto z mostu” wobec problematyki żydowskiej w Trzeciej Rzeszy

70%

Bergmann O.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2013

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issue 2(347)

248-267

EN

The focus of the article is a discussion of numerous press publications on the development of the situation of the Jewish population in Germany under Hitler’s administration in the second half of the 1930s. The analyzed material includes articles, reports, columns and press notes that appeared in “Prosto z mostu”, a weekly published in Warsaw until 1935 (nominally it was a literary-artistic periodical but in fact its profile was mainly political). “Prosto z mostu” was undoubtedly one of the most interesting journals released in Poland in the last interwar years. The weekly was closely connected with the milieu of the so called national youth, which in the second decade of Poland’s independence significantly increased its activity and social influence. The editor-in-chief of “Prosto z mostu” was Stanisław Piasecki and among its journalists were leading young politicians and ideologists of a broadly understood national camp, including Jan Mosdorf and Wojciech Wasiutyński, as well as representatives of a much older generation such as Aleksander Świętochowski and Adolf Nowaczyński.

13

„Exerzierplatz des Nationalsozialismus“ — der Reichsgau Wartheland in den Jahren 1939–1945

70%

Wichert W.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2018

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vol. 40

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issue 2

79-102

EN

The aim of the article is the analysis of German policy in Reichsgau Wartheland, an area of western Poland annexed to Germany in the years 1939–1945. In scientific literature German rule in Warthegau (with its capital in Poznań) is often defined as ,,experimental training area of National Socialism”, where the regime could test its genocidal and racial practices, which were an emanation of the German occupation of Poland. The Nazi authorities wanted to accomplish its ideological goals in Wartheland in a variety of cruel ways, including the ethnic cleansing, annihilation of Polish intelligentsia, destruction of cultural institutions, forced resettlement and expulsion, segregation Germans from Poles combined with wide-ranging racial discrimination against the Polish population, mass incarceration in prisons and concentration camps, systematic roundups of prisoners, as well as genocide of Poles and Jews within the scope of radical Germanization policy and Holocaust. The aim of Arthur Greiser, the territorial leader of the Wartheland (Gauleiter) and at the same time one of the most powerful local Nazi administrators in Hitler‘s empire, was to change the demographic structure and colonisation of the area by the hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans (Volksdeutschen) from the Baltic and other regions in order to make it a ,,blond province” and a racial laboratory for the breeding of the ,,German master race”. The largest forced labour program, the first and longest standing ghetto (in Łódź, which the Nazis renamed later Litzmannstadt) and the first experimental mass gassings of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe (carried out from autumn 1941 in gas vans in Chełmno extermination camp) were all initiated in Warthegau, even before the implementation of the Final Solution. Furthermore, some of the first major deportations of the Jewish population took place here. Therefore in the genesis of the of the Nazi extermination policy of European Jewry Wartheland plays a pivotal role, as well as an important part of ruthless German occupation of Polish territories.

14

Convicted Nazi lawyer. The case of Gerhard Pchalek in the Gera District Court in 1960

70%

Graczyk K.

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 1

17-31

EN

This study is devoted to a criminal case brought before a court in the German Democratic Republic against Gerhard Pchalek in connection with his service as a prosecutor in the Third Reich. Pchalek served in the Polish territories incorporated into the Reich, in Bielsko and Ka¬towice. He was a prosecutor in proceedings before special courts in Bielsko and Katowice, as well as before the Higher National Court in Katowice, in which he filed motions to sentence defendants to the death penalty. In 20 cases - as was determined by the District Court in Gera - Pchalek demanded the death penalty, which was then imposed and enforced. His act was classified as aiding in murder under the provisions of the German Criminal Code, and Pchalek was sentenced to 4 years in strict regime prison. The paper discusses the biography of Pchalek, the issue of post-war criminal liability of Nazi lawyers and the criminal trial before the District Court in Gera. The study uses a historical, formal and dogmatic method. The criminal trial in question is one of the few cases in which a Nazi lawyer was convicted.

15

Domniemane i rzeczywiste kontakty prominentów nazistowskich z polskością przed 1933 rokiem

70%

Kapica W.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2016

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vol. 38

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issue 2

35-79

EN

The article is an attempt to examine the contacts of prominent Nazis with Polishness before 1933. The author looks at these contacts with regard to the place of birth, living in a given place until 1918, living in a given place in the inter-war period (1918–1933), participation in the First World War in Poland, participation in Polish-German fighting in 1918–1921, having a Polish-sounding name and impact of all these factors on the period of the Second World War (German occupation of Poland).

16

Foundations of Nazi Cultural Policy and Institutions Responsible for Its Implementation in the Period 1933–1939

70%

Grochowina S., Kącka K.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2014

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issue 6(106)

173-192

EN

The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the foundations and premises of Nazi cultural policy, and the bodies responsible for its implementation, the two most important ones being: National Socialist Society for German Culture and the Ministry of National Enlightenment and Propaganda of the Reich. Policy in this case is interpreted as intentional activity of the authorities in the field of culture, aimed at influencing the attitudes and identity of the population of the Third Reich. The analysis covers the most important documents, statements and declarations of politicians and their actual activity in this domain. Adopting such a broad perspective allowed to comprehensively show both the language and the specific features of the messages communicated by the Nazi authorities, and its impact on cultural practices.

17

Niemiecka propaganda turystyczna wobec ziem polskich wcielonych do III Rzeszy (1939–1945)

70%

Wójcik J.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2020

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vol. 75

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issue 2

35-54

EN

The article presents the tourist dimension of the propaganda of the authorities of the Third Reich, including tourist association (Reichsfremdenverkehrsverband), regarding Polish territories incorporated in 1939 directly into Germany. Based on collected materials, the activities of German organizations whose mission was tourism promotion, as well as the way in which they presented the occupied Polish lands, were characterized.

18

Ustawa o pełnomocnictwach (Ermächtigungsgesetz) z 23 marca 1933 roku jako katalizator budowy państwa wodzowskiego w Niemczech

70%

Wichert W.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2019

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vol. 41

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issue 4

21-47

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the origins and political repercussions of the Enabling Act (formally known as the “law to remedy the distress of the people and the nation”) of 23 March 1933. Combined with the previously passed Reichstag Fire Decree (28 February 1933), which abolished most constitutional civil liberties and transferred state rights to the central government, the act enabled Chancellor Adolf Hitler to assume dictatorial powers in the near future. Deputies from the Nazi Party, the German National People’s Party, and the Centre Party voted in favour of the act that allowed Hitler’s cabinet to pass laws without the consent or any involvement of the Reichstag (parliament) and the presidency. In effect it gave Hitler’s dictatorship an appearance of legality and a solid political base from which to carry out the first steps of his “national revolution” in order to seize unlimited power over every aspect of life in Germany. It was the dawn of the totalitarian regime of the Third Reich.

19

Polityka państw bałtyckich wobec Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i III Rzeszy na przełomie marca i kwietnia 1939 roku w ocenie wileńskiej ekspozytury oddziału II Sztabu Głównego Wojska Polskiego

70%

Gajownik T.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2018

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vol. 1

359-367

EN

Polish military intelligence had prepared a lot of analysis about political and military situations in the countries around the Republic of Poland. It was a kind of belaying towards potential Polish-German conflict. The issues of the Baltic States were interested a military intelligence’s field station in Vilnius. A few months before the Second World War has begun, Vilnius’s station prepared some analysis of domestic and foreign policy of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. One of them had discussed most important consequences of occupation of Klaipeda by German’s Wehrmacht. Additionally, in these documents, one can be read about multilateral policy of the Baltic Entente.

20

Opór społeczny i opozycja antyhitlerowska na ziemi kłodzkiej w świetle sprawozdań wrocławskiego Gestapo (1933–1938)

70%

Manikowski K.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2020

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vol. 75

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issue 4

89-104

EN

The paper presents circles opposing the Nazi regime active in the Kłodzko region before World War II. Analysis of the Gestapo reports allows for depicting primarily communist structures and – to a lesser extent – social democracy. Apart from the left-wing groups, Gestapo focused their attention on clergymen, especially those engaged with formation of youth.

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O filozofii prawa Trzeciej Rzeszy na sposób sokratejski: Tadeusza Guza interpretacja nazistowskiej filozofii prawa

Kozackie formacje w służbie III Rzeszy

Przedstawienie mistycznych źródeł nazizmu w polskiej literaturze historyczno-filozoficznej

Polowanie na Awangardę. Zakazana sztuka w Trzeciej Rzeszy. Galeria Międzynarodowego Centrum Kultury w Krakowie

Die Bedeutung des Protektorats Böhmen und Mähren für das Reich aus der Sicht des Tourismus

Income Tax for 1939 and Occupation of Upper Silesia

Blut und Boden. Wokół unitarno-autorytarnej koncepcji integracji Europy

On the margins of German Vergangenheitsbewältigung. Germany's Colonial Past Revisited

Druga Rzeczpospolita między Trzecią Rzeszą i Rosją Sowiecką. Troska o zachowanie pokoju w europie a los kraju mniejszego

Najwyższa Izba Kontroli w Litzmannstadt Getto - żydowska administracja samorządowa łódzkiego getta

Totalitarna duchowość w nazistowskich Niemczech. O religii w modelu edukacji autorytarnej

„Prosto z mostu” wobec problematyki żydowskiej w Trzeciej Rzeszy

„Exerzierplatz des Nationalsozialismus“ — der Reichsgau Wartheland in den Jahren 1939–1945

Convicted Nazi lawyer. The case of Gerhard Pchalek in the Gera District Court in 1960

Domniemane i rzeczywiste kontakty prominentów nazistowskich z polskością przed 1933 rokiem

Foundations of Nazi Cultural Policy and Institutions Responsible for Its Implementation in the Period 1933–1939

Niemiecka propaganda turystyczna wobec ziem polskich wcielonych do III Rzeszy (1939–1945)

Ustawa o pełnomocnictwach (Ermächtigungsgesetz) z 23 marca 1933 roku jako katalizator budowy państwa wodzowskiego w Niemczech

Polityka państw bałtyckich wobec Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i III Rzeszy na przełomie marca i kwietnia 1939 roku w ocenie wileńskiej ekspozytury oddziału II Sztabu Głównego Wojska Polskiego

Opór społeczny i opozycja antyhitlerowska na ziemi kłodzkiej w świetle sprawozdań wrocławskiego Gestapo (1933–1938)