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1

Pięćdziesięciolecie założenia Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości.

100%

Ochrona Zabytków

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1958

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issue 3-4

153-154

2

Dziesięciolecie Ustawy o Ochronie Dóbr Kultury i o Muzeach

100%

Malinowski K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1973

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issue 2

85-88

EN

It is namely this tenth year elapsing from the date on which The Cultural Property Protection and Museums Law has been passed in the Polish Seym that gave the author rise to write his article where he reminds that the above Law may be regarded as a consequence of the progressively, from the 18th century onward, growing respect for antiquities. At the same time the author points to the fact that this Law contains a number of provisions that are extending both scope of notions and range of activities in conservation and in museums in this country. From among the newly adopted conceptions to be emphasized here deserves the term „cultural property” but at the same the fact of retaining of the term „historical monument” with the use of which the Law determines the objects of cultural property that are recorded in museum inventories or in those kept by the Voivodship Conservators. As especially important the author considers the first article of the Law reading as follows: „The protection of cultural property is an obligation for the State and the duty of its citizens”. This basic statement is followed by all further provisions. Under the term „cultural property” also the modern objects are meant provided, hovewer, that they can prove important from the point of view of the nation’s cultural heritage and development of its culture. According to the author’s further reasoning the Law extends its legal protection also to battlefields and to sites connected with the Nazi persecutive actions during the last war, to objects of material culture, to monuments of nature, etc. While providing the possibility to act in many different ways the Law at the same time requires that the all conservation tre a tments be based on scientific assumptions. As a fu rther consequence of obligations that by the force of the Law in question were put on all citizens the following can be considered: the calling into being of advisory bodies supporting the Minister of Culture and Arts and those acting at Voivodship Conservators Offices; the provisions determining the use to be made of historical monuments as well as those settling the manner in which they should be made accessible to the public; or, finally, those dealing with their popularization and social contributions for the sake of their protection. The due attention has been devoted to individual collectors who were granted with a number of special privileges. What concerns museums it must be considered as appreciable that in addition to the term „museum” has been introduced that of „collection of exhibits” who are otherwise called the „museum objects”. As fully adequate as to its ability to characterize the museums practice is to be regarded a review of functions that should be performed by a museum; of them, of course, as the most important are to be considered those scientific and educational. However, it must also be stated that the ten-year experience has shown not only the advantages resulting of the Law under discussion, but also pointed to some failures the sources of which, according to the author’s opinion, must mainly be sought in the executive regulations. So, for example, as the author suggests, the Voivodship Conservators should be supplied with decisive powers while collaborating with the local authorities responsible for spatial development and townplanning; an ex officio recording of the movable monuments of the past should be made also more extensive, and especially in cases where they are kept under unfavourable conditions; obligatory practices should be introduced for persons graduating in movable monument conservation divisions a t the high schools; and, finally, much more care should be devoted to decisions concerning the cancelling the historical buildings in a Register of Historical Monuments and their demolishions. There is no doubt that provided that the more thorough consideration be paid to these decisions it would become possible to safeguard a considerable number of objects without any more serious disadvantages or burdens to national economy. Toward those demanding th a t serious alterations or amandments be introduced to the Cultural Property Protection and Museums Law the author of the present assumed a critical or even negative attitude as it is his view th at a document of such fundamental nature as a Law should be one sound enough and, thus all its provisions represent an obvious standard or even a habit governing the attitudes of the society. It is then only that it will be possible to hope th a t our cultural heritage might survive without any further losses.

3

Projekty pieczęci Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

100%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1978

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issue 1

72-73

EN

Among the partly preserved records o f the Society for Protection o f Historical Monuments there are to be found five designs of an Inventory Seal o f the art collection at the Royal Castle in Warsaw. The designs, dating from 1916, are the work of W. Żyliński, a rather unknown architect. The author of the report does not plunge into a detailed description o f the said projects, his attention being focussed on their symbolic meaning which reflected the then political situation o f the Polish nation, its mood and striving for the recovery o f independence. In four designs the date 1915 had been inserted. It was meant to memorize the moment of the Society — a Polish institution set up in the Russian sector o f parti tioned Poland, 1906, upon the initiative of the Society'— having taken over the care o f the Royal Castle in Warsaw after 85 years o f the country’s servitude. The key-note of two designs is the crown o f King Sigismund III, bearing the inscription: „The Royal Castle” to remind it was during his reign that the Warsaw Castle became the residence o f the King o f Poland. In one of the projects of the seal there is an image o f a white eagle — referring to that being Poland’s emblem in the times of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, in another one, a bi-partite shield with the white eagle of the Jagiellonian dynasty, and the arms of Lithuania — to remind the idea of the Commonwealth o f Two Nations which survived throughout the period o f partitions. The only design of the Society’s seal put into effect represents a stylized fourleaf clover inscribed into a circle and with the Society’s initials in its arms and centre. It was that seal that was used for stamping archival records o f the Society for Protection of Historical Monuments.

4

Anna Czapska : "Konserwatorzy zabytków architektury w centralnej Polsce : pierwsza połowa XX wieku" : (w:) "Inżynierowie polscy w XIX i XX wieku : kształcenie i osiągnięcia" : Warszawa 1994 : wyd. Polskie Towarzystwo Historii i Techniki : t. III : ss. 245-301

100%

Paździor M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1997

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issue 1

96-97

5

Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

100%

Pruszyński J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1987

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issue 4

335-336

6

KRONIKA. Kronika Wydziału Społecznej Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego

88%

Szymański S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1951

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issue 3-4

215-221

7

Ostatnie Walne Zgromadzenie Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

88%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1989

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issue 3-4

260-264

EN

On May 4 th, 1939, the last general assembly of the Society for the Protection of Monuments of the Past convened before the outbreak of World War II. The materials of this meeting are presented above (minutes, report on the activity, budget estimate and others). These documents are preceded by a commentary of R. Brykowski.

8

Pomiary zabytków architektury murowanej w zbiorach Państwowego Instytutu Sztuki w Warszawie

75%

Sonik Z., Zachwatowicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1952

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issue ZESZYT SPECJALNY

37-65

9

Powołanie i działalność Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości z perspektywy siedemdziesięciu lat

75%

Kowalczyk J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1978

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issue 2

99-103

EN

Thé Society for Protection of the Monuments of the Past, formed in 1906, exercised an extremely important role in preservation of Polish historical monuments in the Russian sector of partitioned Poland (where there did not exist a state conservation service) and also after Poland’s liberation in 1918. The Society assisted effectively the then scarce number of conservators, its activities having been conducted in many different lines: surveys and photographing of historical monuments, scientific research, elaboration of the methods of conservation, issuing of opinions and carrying out of conservation work on a large scale •— with regard to both the monuments of architecture and movables o f historical value, organization of exhibitions and scientific sessions, issuing of extensive catalogues and other publications. The Society was divided into a few sections all of them headed by experienced specialists, architects, artists, historians o f art, connected mostly with the Department of Architecture of the Warsaw College of Science and Technology. The seat of the Society was Baryczka House in 32 Old Town Market Square, Warsaw, where there was to be found the Society’s collection o f iconographical materials, libry and museum. The Society was dissolved by the Nazi occupation authorities in 1939 but its collection of the works of a rt saved due to the selfless efforts o f its former members. The Society for Protection o f Historical Monuments, formed in 1973, and referring to the tradition of its predecessor, commemorated the seventieth anniversary of the formation o f the Society for Protection of the Monuments of the Past by having organized a formal session in Warsaw on October 21, 1977.

10

Z dziejów ochrony drewnianej architektury kościelnej w Polsce. (Karty z działalności TOnZP w latach 1907-1914)*

63%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1977

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issue 3-4

117-128

EN

The Society for Protection o f the Monuments of the Past was formed in Warsaw, June 28, 1906. At that time when Poland was partitioned — and, thus, deprived of her statehood and its bodies — the Society exercised not only a social function but also that of a national and formal conservation service. At the early stage of its activities the Society managed already to cover with the latter the whole o f the Russian sector o f partitioned Poland. The proceedings involved were oriented on protection and conservation of the monuments o f wooden sacral architecture and laic building as well. A telling illustration of that trend was the exhibition of the monuments o f Polish architecture, mainly the wooden one, organized in 1915. The author deals with four old wooden churches, whose documentation is to be found in the Society’s archives. In 1907 energetic steps were taken up by the Society in order to prevent demolition of the three-aisled basilica at Białynin, dating from 1521. Those endeavours were not, however, crowned with success and that has remained of that historical monuments is but a portal o f sacristy — a rare instance of architectonic wooden relief. The second wooden church — at Brzeźnica Stara, early 16th century, burnt during the hostilities in 1939 but is known to us due the photographs taken, and the descriptions and drawings made, by the members o f the Society in 1908. A similar documentation pertains to the non-extant church at Olbierzowice (1468). Now what owes its survival to the Society is the parish church at Zborówek (1459), the oldest of the dated wooden churches in Poland. It was the Society’s members that effectively opposed, in 1913, the project o f its demolition. The author states in conclusion that irrespective o f the failure of some of the preventive measures taken up by the Society, its activities in the sphere of surveying and documentation have resulted in collection of an extremely valuable material which has saved many a historical monument from sinking into oblivion.

11

Organizacja ochrony zabytków w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

63%

Pruszyński J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1988

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issue 2

75-85

EN

The development of the organization of monuments’ protection in Poland took place in the conditions different from those found in other European countries due to the lack of the country’s own statehood in the period from 1795 to 1918. The lack of state services and administration of culture caused the unique social movement in this matter. Thus, when discussing the organization of monuments’ art and conservation in Poland one should pay attention to a social genesis of protective measures and, in particular, to the activity of the Society fo r the Protection of Monuments of the Past (1906—1914). The au tho r of this study presents a document from 1909, which can be considered to be the first programme for monuments’ protection. He analyses also the first Polish law on the protection of monuments, namely the decree of October 31, 1918. A characteristic feature of this decree was to protect a possibly wide number of objects th a t date back not only to old past but also to the most recent days, the treatment of the protection of immovable cultural property as being inseparably linked with the environment (landscape) as well as a rather broad scope of powers of a dm in istrative bodies — district conservators. Of importance is also the fact that protection covered historic structures irrespective of whether or not they were recorded in a monuments’ register, just as the recording — as a condition of p ro tection — would have deferred indispensable measures. The quoted names of first d is tric t conservators show, on the one hand, th a t these posts were taken by individuals, previously active as volunteers; on the other hand, they remind th a t many of them, well-known from th e ir later works on the theory of conservation, history of arts, recording and museology, began their a ctivities as conservators. The next analyzed legal act is the law on the protection of monuments, changing the 1918 decree, proclaimed when the organization of state administration at a central and fie ld level became the fact. A very specific legal construction conditioning not only protection but also the recognition of a given object as a historic monument upon the decision of the state a u th o rity was caused by a te n dency to cover with protection only some groups of objects, in the first place those of pure Polish descent. The fu rth e r part of the study is devoted to organizational and legal situation of museums. All Polish museums came to life eith e r by the nationalization of private collections a ccording to the will of th e ir owners or thanks to donations and bequests. At the same time, the organization o f museums le ft much fo r improvement; it was not homogenous and had limited material and technical means a t its disposal. Still a n o th e r problem of basic importance to an effective protection o f monuments was the recording of historic resources, carried out throughout the entire the work of twenty-year period. Activities of administration complemented s c ie n tific organizations, and especially Department of Polish Architecture and the History of Arts at Warsaw Technical University, employing and train in g many outstand ing specialists in the field of conservation. The not widely-known problem was the revindication of monuments which had been grabbed by Austria, Prussia and Russia ravaging Poland for 150 years. In some cases they were included into public or private collections of those states; some of them were eith e r da maged or stored in inappropriate conditions. A t a peace conference Poland called fo r the return of the objects which had been taken over either by private persons or by in vading powers, in some cases as an repression ac t as a result of national uprisings. The revindication from the te rritories annexed, by Prussia and Austria had never been done in practice, while a detailed regulation of the problems covered by the Riga Treaty from 1921 made possible to regain major part of monuments taken by the Russians. A ttention should be drawn to the activities of Polish associatio n s in Russia. They carried out the recording of Polish historic monuments and th e ir subsequent revindication. A rich and eventful history of the organization o f monuments’ protection in Poland remains rather unknown due to the damage of archival materials during the 2nd World W a r; hence, it seemed necessary to quote a t least some basic published articles on the organization of conservation and monuments’ protection.

12

Ochrona zabytków architektury w województwie białostockim w okresie międzywojennnym

63%

Poskrobko J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1989

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issue 1

13-28

EN

The problem of the protection of monuments of architecture in the inter-war period in Białystok voivodship has not been as yet the subject of any separate work. The present article gives an insight into specific features of the region and presents the history of conservation service in Białystok voivodship. Białystok voivodship, formed on August 1 , 1919, began its functioning encumbered with more difficulties than other regions of the country. That was the result of a complicated nationalistic situation and the heritage of the Russian culture weighing upon. The centuries-long collision of various ethnic groups (Poles, Ruthenians, Byelorussians, Tartars, Jews) and consistently of different cultures, religions, mixed settlements, brought about the creation of different types of building. It decided also of the pecularities of the region, grouping, next to each other, churches, chaples of Roman Catholic denomination, orthodox churches of Greek Catholic and Uniat dominations, old-believers sects, Jewish synagogues and Tartar mosques. Białystok conservation service, devoid of rich traditions and qualified staff, started its existence supported by the work of the Society for the Protection of Monuments of the Past and research studies carried out in Cracow by the Commission for the Studies on the History of Art in Poland. Its activities covered the entire voivodship, first in Łomża district and then Białystok district, and starting from 1923 — the combined district covering also the territory of Warsaw and Polesie voivodships and then the district of Warsaw voivodship. The function of conservators was in turn performed by Rev. Piotr Śledziewski, Jozef Jodkowski, dr Zygmunt Rokowski and dr Jozef Kluss.

13

Architektka, projektantka, inwentaryzatorka i urzędniczka. Aktywność zawodowa Gizelli Gryczyńskiej w latach 1932–1939

38%

Lasek P.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2022

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vol. 84

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issue 4

981-1006

EN

The aim of the article is to supplement the biography of Gizella Gryczyńska, until 1936 Margulies, a Polish architect of Jewish origin. An analysis of archival sources and materials from the Collections of Photographs and Survey Drawings held at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences has made it possible to present her activity in the field of inventorying historical monuments. The article describes Gizella Gryczyńska's participation in the inventory-taking action conducted in the years 1933–1934 in Kazimierz Dolny under the aegis of the Society for the Protection of the Monuments of the Past in the framework of the governmental Labour Fund. At the same time, search queries conducted in the State Archive in Kielce and in the Student Records Division of the Warsaw University of Technology revealed a number of hitherto unknown source materials that shed new light on Gryczyńska's professional activity and personal life after the year 1936. Thus, it has been possible to present her achievements in a new perspective, taking under consideration the economic and social context of the era.

PL

Celem artykułu jest uzupełnienie biografii Gizelli Gryczyńskiej (do 1936 r. używającej panieńskiego nazwiska Margulies) - polskiej architektki pochodzenia żydowskiego. Analiza źródeł archiwalnych oraz materiałów zgromadzonych w Zbiorach Fotografii i Rysunków Pomiarowych Instytutu Sztuki PAN umożliwiła zaprezentowanie aktywności Gizelli Gryczyńskiej na polu inwentaryzacji zabytków. W artykule omówiono jej udział w akcji inwentaryzacyjnej w Kazimierzu Dolnym, prowadzonej w latach 1933–1934 pod egidą Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości w ramach rządowego Funduszu Pracy. Jednoczenie dzięki kwerendom w Archiwum Państwowym w Kielcach oraz Dziale Ewidencji Studentów Politechniki Warszawskiej udało się ujawnić szereg nieznanych dotąd materiałów źródłowych, rzucających nowe światło na działalność zawodową i życie osobiste Gizelli Gryczyńskiej po 1936 r., a tym samym ukazać dorobek życiowy bohaterki artykułu w odmiennej perspektywie, z uwzględnieniem kontekstu ekonomicznego i społecznego tamtych czasów.

14

Nowe spojrzenie na pałac biskupów płockich w Broku

38%

Lasek P., Związek T., Wółkowski W.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2023

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vol. 85

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issue 3

147-178

EN

The issue of the episcopal palace – or villa – in Brok has been addressed in numerous studies. The nearly complete destruction of the structure, however, made it difficult to conduct in-depth research into its original architecture and to define the circle of its potential builders. The function of the building and the relevant terminology were unclear as well, since some sources referred to it as a castle. On the basis of visual documentation and hitherto unknown and unused written sources, the article presents new findings on the architecture of the palace, enabling its full reconstruction. These findings not only materially supplement its construction history, but also open up interesting research perspectives on the questions of the palace’s stylistic origins, the builders involved in its construction, its function, significance, and finally the place it occupied in the residential architecture of Poland in the first quarter of the 17th century.

PL

Problematykę biskupiego pałacu czy też willi w Broku podejmowano w licznych opracowaniach. Niemal całkowite zniszczenie zabytku utrudniało jednak prowadzenie pogłębionych badań nad jego pierwotną architekturą i zdefiniowanie kręgu potencjalnych budowniczych. Funkcja budowli oraz jej nazewnictwo również pozostawało niejasne, ponieważ w niektórych materiałach określano ją jako zamek. Na podstawie dokumentacji wizualnej i dotychczas nieznanych oraz niewykorzystanych źródeł pisanych przedstawiono w artykule nowe ustalenia na temat architektury pałacu, umożliwiające jego pełną rekonstrukcję. Ustalenia te nie tylko uzupełniają w istotny sposób historię budowy, ale też otwierają interesujące perspektywy badawcze dotyczące kwestii genezy stylistycznej, wykonawstwa, funkcji, znaczenia, wreszcie miejsca, jakie pałac zajmował w architekturze rezydencjonalnej Polski 1. ćwierci XVII stulecia.

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Pięćdziesięciolecie założenia Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości.

Dziesięciolecie Ustawy o Ochronie Dóbr Kultury i o Muzeach

Projekty pieczęci Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

Anna Czapska : "Konserwatorzy zabytków architektury w centralnej Polsce : pierwsza połowa XX wieku" : (w:) "Inżynierowie polscy w XIX i XX wieku : kształcenie i osiągnięcia" : Warszawa 1994 : wyd. Polskie Towarzystwo Historii i Techniki : t. III : ss. 245-301

Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

KRONIKA. Kronika Wydziału Społecznej Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego

Ostatnie Walne Zgromadzenie Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

Pomiary zabytków architektury murowanej w zbiorach Państwowego Instytutu Sztuki w Warszawie

Powołanie i działalność Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości z perspektywy siedemdziesięciu lat

Z dziejów ochrony drewnianej architektury kościelnej w Polsce. (Karty z działalności TOnZP w latach 1907-1914)*

Organizacja ochrony zabytków w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Ochrona zabytków architektury w województwie białostockim w okresie międzywojennnym

Architektka, projektantka, inwentaryzatorka i urzędniczka. Aktywność zawodowa Gizelli Gryczyńskiej w latach 1932–1939

Nowe spojrzenie na pałac biskupów płockich w Broku