As with most of the Latin cultural circle countries, the oldest written texts, including the historical writings, in the Czech Lands were written in Latin. In Bohemia, the first translations of texts on historical topics into vernacular languages appear in the second half of the 13th century. It begins with loose adaptations of “common historical” topics, such as the life of Alexander the Great, in German and from the end of the 13th century also in Czech. In the first half of the 14th century we can find real translations of historical texts, not from Latin into vernacular language, but on the contrary from Czech into Latin and into German (Chronicle of so called Dalimil). Following are the German chronicles in verse, already translated from Latin. While the Latin translation was probably meant for a highlevel laic, the German texts were written for the German monks living in the Bohemia, and perhaps for the Prague patricians. Further translations of historical texts were being written from the second half of the 14th century. Those are the translations of the official historical works from the Charles IV era into Czech, later also into German for the citizens of “incorporated lands of the Bohemian Crown”. At the end of the 14th and at the beginning of the 15th century, even the “common” texts of Latin culture were translated into Czech, such as Peter Comestorʼs Historia scholastica, Martin of Opavaʼs Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum or the German chronicle of Jacob Twinger of Königshofen. However, the readers were much more interested in pseudo-historical light literature. The translators were among the clergymen, but also laymen, and the translated texts were primarily meant for laic readers. In the 15th century, the Czech history was being translated also outside the Czech borders, mainly in Bavaria.
The article is devoted to the manuscript copy of one of the translations of the Polish collection Wielkie zwierciadło przykładów into Ruthenian language. It is found in the manuscript F19-107 of the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, dated to the second quarter of the 17th century. A textual analysis has shown that the selection includes at least two translations made from the Polish editions of 1612 and 1633 respectively. The translations were either produced or at least edited by the same person, as both have quite characteristic rhymed textual additions.
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Статья посвящена списку одного из переводов польского сборника Wielkie zwierciadło przykładów на руську мову. Он находится в датированной второй четвертью XVII века рукописи F19–107 Библиотеки им. Врублевских Академии наук Литвы. Текстологический анализ показал, что в подборку вошли минимум два перевода – с изданий Wielkiego zwierciadła przykładów 1612 и 1633 годов соответственно. Переводы либо сделаны одним человеком, либо дополнены одним редактором, поскольку оба имеют характерные рифмованные вставки.
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