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Frequency and chronological distribution of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population from Żerniki Górne (Poland) – preliminary report

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Tomczyk J., Tomczyk-Gruca M., Zalewska M.
Anthropological Review
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2012
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vol. 75
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issue 1
61-73
EN
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is treated as a nonspecific indicator of stress, but even so, many authors consider it the most reliable tool stress in anthropological research. Its analysis allows the reconstruction of health related to the socio-economic status of the group. This study documents and interprets patterns of LEH in Żerniki Górne (Poland), a settlement which was functional in the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. We examined two successive cultures: the Corded Ware Culture (CWC; 3200-2300BC) and the Trzciniec Culture (TC; 1500-1300BC). In total, there were 1486 permanent teeth (124 adult individuals). The frequency of LEH in the examined cultures shows a small rising trend. In these series from Żernik Górne, males showed a higher occurrence of LEH (16.5%) than females (13.4%). The earliest LEH appeared at similar ages at about 2.0/2.2 years and the last LEH occurred at about 4.2 years of age in both cultures. However, it is worth noting that periods associated with physiological stress were more common but not very long (four months on average) in the CWC. Longer stress periods (nine months on average) were associated with the TC.
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Rescue excavations on the Late Roman period settlement on site 3 in Zagórzyce, com. and distr. Kazimierza Wielka, voiv. Świętokrzyskie

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Grygiel M., Pikulski J., Trojan M.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2009
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vol. 1
277-294
EN
During archaeological research carried out in Zagórzyce area a small multicultural site (numbered as 3) was discovered. It is situated opposite to the excavated site no. 1 and the adjacent site no. 2. All these sites make a settlement complex functioning with varying intensity during the La Tène and Roman Prriods. During surface surveys and small rescue explorations conducted at sites 3 in 2003 remains from the Neolithic period (Funnel Beaker culture), the Older Bronze Age (Trzciniec culture) and from the Late Roman Period were recorded. The inventory of the explored feature of unknown function should be connected with the latter chronological horizon.
3
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Sztylet brązowy z południowego Mazowsza

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Karczmarek Ł.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2011
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vol. LXII
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issue 62
227-229
EN
The bronze dagger blade in the collection of the State Archaeological Museum was discovered at an unknown locality north of Dęblin. It belongs in the group of daggers with a rounded hilt-plate with two rivets and a half-round sectioned mid-rib on the blade, but differs by having a visibly attenuated upper end, which gives it a more slender shape. Slightly dented areas discernible around the rivet holes could be marks left by the hammering of the rivets. At the hilt end the rib is flattened; the lighter colour and insubstantially worn surface of this suggest that the dagger originally had an organic haft. The dagger of interest is closes in its outlook to the find from Parlin, distr. Świecie. Also close in their form and dimensions are dagger finds from Łuszczewo, distr. Konin, and the vicinity of Środa Wielkopolska, distr. loco. Similar but larger daggers are known from Glinienko, distr. Poznań, and Bydgoszcz, distr. loco. Some similarity is shown also by dagger finds from Gryfino, distr. loco, and Szczecin-Zdroje, distr. loco. A slender blade, like in the dagger from the Dęblin region, is seen in a slightly longer dagger, with four rivet holes, from Kotłowo, distr. Koszalin, belonging to a hoard dated to BA III; it may be possible to push back the dating of this deposit to BA II. Further analogies, represented by daggers which are similar in size and the from of their hilt end, but are lozengic in cross-section, include a specimen from Wiechowice, distr. Głubczyce. Daggers with a semicircular rib and a rounded hilt end, but without a metal grip, are characteristic for Tumulus Cultures and dated broadly to BA II. The dagger blade from the Dęblin region would be the easternmost find of its type, discovered in an area settled during the older Bronze Age by the people of Trzciniec Culture, where it is certain to be an import from the territory of Tumulus Culture.
4
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Osada kultury trzcinieckiej ze stanowiska 52 w Obierwi na terenie Puszczy Kurpiowskiej

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Borkowski W.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2018
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vol. LXIX
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issue 69
180-187
EN
A number of sites associated with the Trzciniec Culture, including site 52 at Obierwia, were discovered during fieldwalking in this region in 1984. The sites were situated in the dune belt on the northern flood terrace of the Omulew River. The sites at Obierwia are located almost in the middle of the current Kurpiowska Forest. The area of the Kurpiowska Plain was originally shaped as a result of the Middle Polish Glaciation (the Wartanian stage). It was then transformed during the Baltic Glaciation, when a large outwash plain with elements of earlier moraines, later interspersed with parallel valleys of medium-sized rivers and a network of smaller watercourses and bog-like oxbow lakes, was formed (Fig. 1). An exploratory survey at Obierwia was carried out in October 2000 (Fig. 2). Two trenches oriented along N-S and W-E axes and intersecting at the culmination of the elevation were established. The exploration did not uncover a cultural layer, however, numerous archaeological pit-like features were discovered (Fig. 3). 16 flint products including three tools and a fragment of a smoothed stone tool were found in the course of the excavation. Seven flint products bear signs of use or further processing (Fig. 4). Most attest that the splintering technique was used. The most interesting product was made from a splinter and retouched on one of the side edges. Based on the burnishing of the retouched edge, this artefact should be included in the category of inserts, which, next to arrowheads, constitute the most characteristic tools from the Early Bronze Age. Among 1156 fragments of pottery, there were 20 rim sherds, including two with an ornament in the form of horizontal appliqué bands, and five with holes or indentations under the rim. Most of the fragments come from the vessels of the Trzciniec Culture described by A. Gardawski as type 5 – vessels with a “tulip-shaped neck and rim, most often with a mortar-shaped body” and with a row of holes under the rim and a horizontal appliqué band. In the Younger Subboreal (Early and Middle Bronze Age), the continental, dry and warm climate prevailed in the area of the Kurpiowska Forest. Sandy soils desiccated due to the smaller amount of precipitation, and with the lowering level of the groundwater the oxbows and lakes dried out and were overgrown. The human groups of the Early Bronze Age, who penetrated into the Kurpiowska Plain in relatively high numbers, could not employ the agricultural model of economy. Based on the traces of their stay observed during the course of fieldwalking and rare excavations, it appears that they preferred the same settlement conditions as their Mesolithic and Paraneolithic predecessors. It is assumed that the Early Bronze Age settlement in Mazovia began in the first half of the second millennium BC. The settlements of the Trzciniec culture from that period appear almost exclusively in the dune belts in the valley of the Narew River, near the mouths of the Omulew, Rozoga and Szkwa Rivers, while the camps are registered in the upper parts of the river valleys. Hunting and gathering played the leading role in the economy of the groups that settled at the edge of and within the forest.
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