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EN
Civil dialogue has an impact on the quality of public policy, in the online form it allows direct influence of stakeholders on the process of formulation and its implementation. It is also a new quality in the process of evaluating public policy. Civil dialogue is usually understood as a process of communication between the state authority and non-governmental organizations, but the author of the article indicates that it is possible to conduct civil dialogue in a direct way with citizens through social media. He presents the results of research aimed at verifying the use of social media by the authorities in order to establish a dialogue with citizens. The research consisted in measuring and analyzing communication conducted by selected Polish voivodeship cities on the Twitter social network. The author points out the characteristic styles of communication that can be interpreted from the perspective of civil dialogue.
PL
Dialog obywatelski wpływa na jakość prowadzonej polityki publicznej, w formie online umożliwia bezpośrednie wpływanie interesariuszy na proces jej formułowania i implementacji. Stanowi również nową jakość w procesie ewaluacji polityki publicznej. Dialog obywatelski rozumiany jest najczęściej jako proces komunikacji pomiędzy władzą państwową a organizacjami pozarządowymi, autor artykułu wskazuje jednak, że możliwe jest prowadzenie dialogu obywatelskiego w sposób bezpośredni z obywatelami za pomocą mediów społecznościowych. Przedstawia wyniki badań, których celem była weryfikacja sposobu korzystania przez władzę z mediów społecznościowych w celu nawiązania dialogu z obywatelami. Badanie polegało na pomiarach i analizie komunikacji prowadzonej przez wybrane polskie miasta wojewódzkie w serwisie społecznościowym Twitter. Autor wskazuje na charakterystyczne style komunikacji, które można interpretować z perspektywy dialogu obywatelskiego.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony strategiom stosowanym przez przedstawicieli ministerstw w reakcji na negatywne komentarze użytkowników, które są publikowane na profilach wybranych resortów na Twitterze. Analiza miała na celu charakterystykę najczęściej występujących strategii oponowania. Wykazała ona, że wśród stosowanych strategii można odnotować zarówno bezpośrednie, jak i pośrednie akty odrzucania, odrzucanie i podważanie sądów przez zaprzeczanie, stosowanie aktów unikowych, m.in. podkreślanie braku wiedzy i kompetencji, strategie obejmujące odsyłanie odbiorcy do innych źródeł informacji oraz ironizowanie czy stosowanie aktów grzecznościowych w formie podziękowań i pozdrowień.
EN
The goal of this paper is to discuss strategies used by ministerial representatives in reaction to negative comments made by users on Twitter profiles of selected ministry offi ces. It aims at mapping the strategies for dealing with disagreement used by the government representatives. The analysis shows that strategies encompass both direct and indirect forms of disagreement, evasive strategies, e.g. underlining lack of knowledge or competence, acts of directing users to other sources of information, as well as irony and politeness strategies, such as thanks and greetings.
PL
Celem analizy było zbadanie wybranych aktów mowy występujących w interakcji o charakterze handlowym na profilach firm Allegro, T-Mobile oraz Samsung. Wśród omawianych aktów są m.in. akty pozytywnego wartościowania odbiorcy, życzenia, żarty, akty próśb i zaleceń, a także akty niezgody, krytyki klienta czy podkreślania własnej wartości. Wskazano także na cechy językowe postów, takie jak potoczność i stosowanie zapożyczeń.
EN
The aim of the paper was to analyse selected speech acts used in business interaction on the profiles of Allegro, T-Mobile and Samsung companies. The strategies discussed in the study include compliments, jokes, apologies, requests and suggestions, as well as acts of criticism of client and positive self-evaluation. The paper also points out selected features of the language of the posts, such as informality and the use of borrowings.
PL
Artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji nad możliwościami wizualizacji informacji w mediach społecznościowych. Przedmiotem analizy mediolingwistycznej czyni komunikaty powstałe w związku z pandemią koronawirusa, opublikowane na Twitterze przez polskich nadawców instytucjonalnych (KPRM, GIS, MZ). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zróżnicowanych pod względem językowym, strukturalnym i funkcjonalnym form wizualizacji informacji, uwzględniających specyfikę medium, jakim jest Twitter. Jak dowodzi analiza korpusu, zróżnicowanie semiotyczne tych komunikatów ma związek z realizowanymi przez nie funkcjami, wśród których dominują funkcja informacyjna, edukacyjna i prospołeczna. Korelacja ta sprawia, że teksty te spełniają warunki funkcjonalnego designu informacji.
EN
The article constitutes an input into the debate on various information visualization options in social media. Media and language oriented analysis is focused here on messages created in connection with the coronavirus pandemic and posted on Twitter by Polish institutional broadcasters (Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, State Sanitary Inspectorate, Ministry of Health). The aim of the article is to present forms of information visualization that differ linguistically, structurally and functionally, taking into consideration specific features of such a medium as Twitter. As proven by corpus analysis, semiotic diversity of these messages is related to functions they realize, among which informative, educational and prosocial functions dominate. This correlation makes such texts fulfil the conditions of a functional information design.
EN
Social media has created new formats and forms of social activity. Production, receipt of information and communications have integrated themselves introducing a new type of communication activity. The role of social media is so important that any social group can go past them indifferently. This situation also applies to politics. Portals such as Twitter, in addition to the innovative communication formula, have established „one-man relations.” The purpose of this work is to determine the formula by which Andrzej Duda runs his Twitter account. The analysis identifies the collection of the most frequently discussed topics, the most popular news, and ways of using the site by Andrzej Duda. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods, including horizontal analysis and content analysis taking into account the media context and hypertextual structure. The main purpose of the description is a thorough quantitative analysis taking into consideration aspects of qualitative analysis (categories, topics, relationships).
EN
The article focuses on the online communication on Polish Facebook and Twitter around issues related to mortgage loans in Swiss francs. Based on 20k posts retrieved from both Facebook and Twitter, we found the most active actors and the most common topics appearing on those micro-public spheres. It was revealed that actors with institutional affiliation and those who are not affiliated discuss different problems and share dissimilar content related to Swiss franc debts. It was also found that certain categories of actors may influence online discussions on both social networking sites by promoting specific content in order to pursue their institutional interests. Finally, the diversity of topics and problems discussed by the two categories of actors identified on Facebook and Twitter suggest that Swiss franc mortgage holders are a good example of “connective action” with no clear identity or community traits that led to favourable judgment of the European Court of Justice. 
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EN
This article examines the use of microblogging service Twitter during the period of the presidential election 2013 in the Czech Republic and aims to contribute to a development of an emerging research field to which only a marginal interest of academics have been devoted so far, especially in the Czech Republic. A multi-method approach is used to analyze the dataset of tweets, which have contained predefined hashtags within a course of four weeks period – including both, the first and the second round of elections. The findings indicate that the debate on Twitter “copies” events in mainstream media (mainly presidential TV debate), while linking to information sources in posts does not necessarily lead to the official media sources. The analysis also reveals that tweets most often refer to Karel Schwarzenberg, in comparison with the names of other candidates, and that among the themes of tweets and retweets the most frequent topics are the campaign and political preferences which suggests the potential of Czech Twitter to form a basis of online political communication.
EN
The use of location based data analysing tools is an important part of geomarketing strategies among entrepreneurs. One of the key elements of interest is social media data shared by the users. This data is analysed both for its content and its location information, the results help to identify trends represented in the researched regions. In order to verify the possibilities of analysing and processing of geotagged social media data, application programming interfaces (APIs) of social networks were examined for their ability to generate reports from the collected data. The first results of using the system have indicated the possibility of collecting and analysing information generated by Twitter users in real time. Trends and geographical distribution in time can be observed. Further research showed that comparing results and further processing was possible.
EN
This article attempts to assess the role of Twitter in international communication on the basis of intentionally selected part of reality. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential impact of messages, posted in the microblogging service by the internationally recognized journalist, on creating the image of Poland in the world. Case study was carried out on the example of Anne Applebaum’s Twitter account.
EN
The purpose of the article is an attempt to capture the way of using in the communication strategies the potential of social media on the example of the micro blog Twitter by the leaders of the Polish political parties. The main research questions concentrate around the answers to the questions of whether and how the leaders of the Polish political parties use the official accounts on Twitter for the communication with the potential voters. The detailed analysis included the activity (frequency of entries) and type and subject of tweets posted by the politicians (Donald Tusk - PO, Janusz Palikot – TR, Janusz Piechociński – PSL and Leszek Miller - SLD) on their official accounts. The study also highlighted the degree of the involvement of both the Internet users and the politicians into the emerging discussions within the given tweet/account. The detailed empirical study included the randomly selected month – January 2014. It is worth adding that it was a period preceding the official electoral campaign to the European Parliament planned for May 25, 2014. In the study of the collected material the method of the content analysis was used, both quantitative and qualitative.
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba uchwycenia zjawiska wykorzystania w strategiach komunikacyjnych potencjału mediów społecznościowych na przykładzie mikroblogu Twitter przez liderów polskich partii politycznych. Główne pytania badawcze koncentrują się wokół odpowiedzi na pytania o to, czy i w jaki sposób liderzy polskich partii politycznych wykorzystują oficjalne konta na Twitterze do komunikacji z potencjalnymi wyborcami. Szczegółowej analizie poddano aktywność (częstotliwość wpisów) oraz rodzaj i tematykę tweetów zamieszczanych przez polityków (Donalda Tuska – PO, Janusza Palikota – TR, Janusza Piechocińskiego – PSL oraz Leszka Millera – SLD) na swoich oficjalnych kontach. W badaniu zwrócono również uwagę na stopień zaangażowania zarówno internautów, jak i polityków w rodzące się dyskusje w ramach danego tweeta/konta. Szczegółowym badaniem empirycznym objęto losowo wybrany jeden miesiąc – styczeń 2014 roku. Warto dodać, iż był to okres poprzedzający oficjalną kampanię wyborczą wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego planowanych na koniec maja 2014 roku. W badaniu zgromadzonego materiału posłużono się metodą analizy treści, zarówno ilościowej, jak i jakościowej.
XX
The purpose of this article is find out about the role that was played by Twitter during the first week of Ferguson Unrests that started on the 9th of August 2014. As a source base for this work the author analyzes the newspapers, magazine journalism and articles upon the death of Michael Brown to show how local journalists and activists used Twitter to communicate and comment on his death. Through the examination of hashtag usage, the author demonstrates how Twitter has become a powerful tool to start nationwide discussion, as well as how hashtag activism can trigger creation of a new social movement.
EN
The article discusses the issues connected with the role of the Twitter microblog in the process of political communication. The author makes an analysis of the models of the process of political communication, pointing at the strategic role of the media, while simultaneously trying to situate new forms of communication (via the Internet). In his deliberations, the author portrays the relations between traditional media and new media in the context of the process of political communication.
PL
Artykuł porusza tematykę związaną z rolą mikrobloga Twitter w procesie komunikacji politycznej. Autor dokonuje analizy schematów procesu komunikacji politycznej, wskazujących na strategiczną rolę środków masowego przekazu, próbując jednocześnie usytuować nowe formy komunikacji (za pośrednictwem przestrzeni internetowej). Autor w swoich rozważaniach ukazuje relacje łączące media tradycyjne i nowe media w kontekście procesu komunikacji politycznej.
13
93%
Poradnik Językowy
|
2020
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vol. 773
|
issue 4
35-50
EN
The observations presented in this text concern hashtags, one of the tools of communication on Twitter. The analysis covered their structure as well as pragmatic and rhetoric functions. As a result, it can be said that hashtags are not only applied on Twitter as a simple categorisation method but also created by Twitter users for the purpose of disseminating information, commenting, expressing views, promoting brands, supporting events, seeking information, and building virtual communities of people interested in specifi c topics. When considering their reach, in turn, it might be concluded that hashtags are more effective as acts of informing, commenting, prizing, criticising, expressing emotions, etc. on the Internet than untagged words and expressions.
EN
The primary aim of this article is to analyze the Twitter communication strategy and its efficiency. The authors took into consideration four Ministers of foreign affairs from Great Britain, Poland, Ukraine, and Russia (their private accounts have also been examined). However, considering that Ministers of Poland and Russia did not have their own Twitter accounts (Witold Waszczykowski and Siergiej Lawrow), authors decided to analyze private accounts of Great Britain’s and Ukrainian’s Ministers (Boris Johnson and Pavlo Klimkin). All examined profiles are accredited. Because of the popularity of Twitter and the appearance of the new type of diplomacy, which involves social networking sites, the authors attempted to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of given accounts. The results present the effectivity index and also show that spontaneously published messages on social media have a significant impact on how state institutions convey content. What is more, the qualitative and quantitative analysis and the effectivity index allows to present the tools needed for e-diplomacy on Twitter.
EN
According to sociological sciences, every person has a face, which forms the positive social value acquired for himself through the behavioral strategy (cf. Goffman 1955, 1967). Face is influenced by various social processes, and impoliteness is one of the most important threat factors (cf. Szczęk 2018). Verbal impoliteness in Polish politics is the subject of the following article, which analyzed Twitter posts by Krystyna Pawłowicz. This law professor, former member of parliament and current judge of the Polish Constitutional Court, who is one of the most active politicians on social media, is known for her sometimes aggressive and offensive language. For this study, 49 tweets were collected, which were then divided into two groups. One constituted examples of conventionalized impoliteness, while the second consisted of examples of implied impoliteness. The analysis showed that Pawłowicz almost exclusively targeted opposition politicians (mostly Donald Tusk) and members of the LGBT community, by attacking their quality face and face of social identities. It has sought to show addressees appearance, skills, political competencies, or sexual orientation in a bad light. Aggressive illocution should not only lead to the destruction of the world and the listener’s value system but can also be motivated by struggle for power. Krystyna Pawłowicz’s attacks on the opposition are also full of political motivation. She can draw profits from the affective and at the same time compelling function of her statements and resulting disparagement of political opponents.
EN
Scientific research into the use of social media in the activities of nonprofit organisations has focused mainly on the scale of their application and on the analysis of the static elements of the social media profile. The research presented in this article concerns the specific form of nonprofit organisation, namely public benefit organisations (PBOs). The aim of the article is, therefore, to identify the leading function of the content published on Twitter and to determine how this function translates into public engagement. During the research process, the content analysis method was used (a sample of 981 tweets was selected for this purpose). The results indicate that Twitter usage by Polish PBOs is of minor importance. Generally, with the exception of the largest organisations, the Twitter profile was primarily focused on delivering information only and, hence, was used in one-way communication.
EN
The stock market may be unpredictable; understanding when to purchase and sell can greatly assist businesses and individuals in maximizing profits and minimizing losses. Many companies have previously modified time-series analysis, a data mining technique, to forecast stock price movement. The idea of textual data mining has recently come up in debates about stock market forecasts. In this study, five of the largest firms’ historical stock prices were used to train two deep learning models—long short-term memory (LSTM) and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), then the results of all the models were compared. To connect price value fluctuations with the general public, sentiment scores were offered in addition to stock price values by employing natural language processing techniques (TextBlob) to tweets.
18
82%
EN
The article presents ways of using Twitter as a communication tool at higher education institutions (HEIs). For this study, 16 Polish universities representing 16 administrative regions (voivodeships), were selected (location and leader criteria were adopted). The research material, gathered on the basis of media monitoring, includes more than three thousand tweets, posted by HEIs as well as posts and comments from other users. Research has shown that universities make very limited use of the original, opinion-forming nature of Twitter. It is primarily a tool for image building and ongoing communication. On the other hand, the scientific potential of the university and its successes in many different areas are widely used. For HEIs , which are important centres of regional development, no such comprehensive study has been carried out. The article is a voice in the debate about the role of social media in the dominant age of mediated communication.  
PL
Artykuł prezentuje sposoby wykorzystania Twittera jako narzędzia komunikacji na polskich uczelniach. Do badania zostało wybranych szesnaście największych szkół wyższych z szesnastu województw (zastosowano kryterium lokalizacyjne oraz lidera). Materiał badawczy, zgromadzony w oparciu o monitoring mediów, obejmuje ponad trzy tysiące twittów zamieszczonych przez uczelnie oraz posty i komentarze innych użytkowników. Analizy wykazały, że uczelnie w bardzo ograniczonym zakresie wykorzystują pierwotny, opiniotwórczy charakter Twittera. Jest on przede wszystkim narzędziem budowania wizerunku oraz prowadzenia bieżącej komunikacji. Szeroko wykorzystywany jest natomiast na Twitterze potencjał naukowy uczelni oraz sukcesy w wielu różnych obszarach. W odniesieniu do uczelni, stanowiących znaczące ośrodki w rozwoju regionów, nie zostały przeprowadzone badania o tak szerokim charakterze. Artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji na temat roli mediów społecznościowych w erze dominującej komunikacji zapośredniczonej.  
PL
W czasie pandemii koronawirusa istotnym zagadnieniem stało się zarządzanie kryzysem, a w nim – zarządzanie społecznymi emocjami. Przedstawiona w artykule analiza sentymentu oparta na słowniku NAWL dotyczy postów polskich parlamentarzystów zamieszczanych na Twitterze podczas pierwszych 12 miesięcy pandemii. Pozwala ona określić w sposób ilościowy zakres uwagi poświęcony pandemii w tym medium społecznościowym w relacji do innych tematów. Umożliwia także zidentyfikowanie istotnych różnic pomiędzy sentymentem postów publikowanych przez parlamentarzystów obozu rządzącego i opozycji, postów na temat pandemii i na inne tematy.
EN
During the coronavirus pandemic, crisis management, including the management of social emotions, became an important issue. The sentiment analysis based on the NAWL dictionary presented in the article concerns the posts of Polish parliamentarians posted on Twitter during the first 12 months of the pandemic. It allows to quantify the scope of attention devoted to the pandemic in this social medium in relation to other topics. It also makes it possible to identify significant differences between the sentiment of posts published by parliamentarians in the government camp and the opposition as well as between the posts on the pandemic and on other topics.
EN
This paper discusses the discourses of Krzysztof Bosak and Robert Biedroń on Twitter during the 2020 presidential campaign. Critical discourse analysis, an interdisciplinary approach that involves triangulation of methods and treats discourse as a manifestation of social practice that is in a dialectical relationship with society, was used as a research framework. In order to closely examine the discursive strategies of the candidates. A selection of quantitative methods pertaining to corpus linguistics and the Sketch Engine program were applied in the study. It was shown that the Bosak significantly more often emphasized his agency, responded to tweets of others and used polite forms. In contrast, Biedroń used more inclusive language, emphasized the importance of communion, and posted more tweets. It was also found that Andrzej Duda played a significantly greater role in Robert Biedroń's campaign. The results of the study contribute to the discussion on the discourses of parties which have received relatively little attention in the literature, and demonstrate how corpus linguistics methods can be used in media studies or political science research.
PL
Artykuł omawia dyskursy Krzysztofa Bosaka i Roberta Biedronia na Twitterze podczas kampanii prezydenckiej w 2020 r. Jako ramę badawczą wykorzystano krytyczną analizę dyskursu – interdyscyplinarne podejście, które zakłada triangulację metod oraz traktuje dyskurs jako przejaw praktyki społecznej, będący w dialektycznej relacji ze społeczeństwem. W celu precyzyjnego zbadania strategii dyskursywnych kandydatów w artykule posłużono się metodami lingwistyki korpusowej, które umożliwiają analizę na poziomie ilościowym. Narzędziem badawczym był program Sketch Engine. Wykazano, że kandydat Konfederacji istotnie częściej akcentował swoją sprawczość, odpowiadał na wpisy innych użytkowników oraz istotny posługiwał się formami grzecznościowymi. Z kolei przedstawiciel Lewicy stosował bardziej inkluzywny język, kładł nacisk na budowanie wspólnoty oraz zamieszczał więcej tweetów. Stwierdzono również, że osoba Andrzeja Dudy odegrała istotnie większą rolę w kampanii Roberta Biedronia. Wyniki badania stanowią przyczynek do dyskusji na temat dyskursów formacji, którym poświęcono w literaturze relatywnie niewiele uwagi oraz demonstrują, w jaki sposób można wykorzystać metody lingwistyki korpusowej w badaniach medioznawczych lub politologicznych.
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