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Problemy perspektywy semiologicznej. Na przykładzie „Podboju Ameryki” Tzvetana Todorova

100%

Grützmacher Ł.

Pamiętnik Literacki

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2015

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vol. 106

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issue 2

123-138

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W artykule podjęta została refleksja nad problemami, które niesie za sobą zastosowanie podejścia semiologicznego do interpretacji złożonych procesów historycznych. Dobry przykład takiego semiologicznego odczytania zjawisk, które wcześniej pozostawały raczej w kręgu zainteresowań historiografii i antropologii, stanowi wydany w roku 1982 esej Tzvetana Todorova "Podbój Ameryki. Problem innego". W artykule szczegółowo opisano genezę książki Todorova oraz dokonano krytycznej analizy jej dwóch pierwszych części. Podano w wątpliwość zasadność i spójność uogólnień przedstawionych przez autora "Podboju Ameryki", ukazano, że Todorov w znacznym stopniu opiera się na stereotypach, uproszczeniach lub niepełnych danych, które dobiera tak, aby udowodnić swoje daleko idące hipotezy

EN

The article raises a reflection about the problems which are brought about when semiological approach is applied to interpret complex historical processes. A good example of such semiological understanding of the phenomena, which earlier were researched by historiography and anthropology, is 1982 Tzvetan Todorov’s essay "La Conquête de l’Amérique. La question de l’autre" ("The Conquest of America. The Question of the Other"). The article thoroughly describes the origin of the book and critically analyses its first two parts. It also calls into question the validity and consistency of the generalisation it presents and reveals that Todorov to a great extent rests on stereotypes, simplifications and incomplete data, all of which he arranges in such a way to be able to prove his far-reaching hypotheses.

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“It is more than needed in our country”. Contemporary Czech images of Scandinavia through the lens of literary criticism

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Březinová H.

Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia

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2023

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vol. 34

56-73

EN

Before the age of mass media and mass travel (including tourism), cultural stereotypes were formed and communicated predominantly utilizing literature and other written sources (Fischer 1987). Nowadays, people travel extensively; they can get direct information from radio, television, and social media, yet stereotypes still seem to prevail. The general Czech contemporary notion of Scandinavian societies comes to the fore in the reviews of translated Scandinavian literature and Scandinavian (or Nordic) films, written by professionals and published in the edited press or the largely unedited social media. In these reviews, one can discern certain paradigms that doubtlessly amount to stereotypes. In this article, I will present a qualitative discourse analysis of Scandinavian stereotypes in the Czech reception of the Scandinavian arts, especially literature, taking into account the intertextual and contextual aspects of the Scandinavian ethnotypes occurring in reviews and paratexts in Czech mass media. I focus on two explicitly addressed images: The emancipated Scandinavian woman, and the alleged Scandinavian egalitarianism. Finally, I will resort to Tzvetan Todorov’s typology of relations to the Other. I will try to explain the activist criticism of Czech reviewers, who tend to compare the Czech situation with the Scandinavian one, using Todorov’s three axes describing the relation to alterity.

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Immigrants Descent and its Expression in American Culture and Language in the 20th Century

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Zygmunt R.

Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal

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2022

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vol. 1

169-180

EN

It is undoubtable that the immigration to the US is largely due to the steady ow of fresh minds and a new spirit that inuences the development of the American society. These new forces help protect the American society from the stagnation experienced in the Old World. The importance of immigrant experiences puts the United States on the brink of a very dicult, but often successful combination of the new and the old. Beyond question, this is true, especially regarding twentieth-century emigrants such as Eva Homan or the family of Alfred Kazin. Although Vladimir Nabokov having been himself an exception, not easy to categorize as writer, in his life as an ØmigrØ in the USA, he could also prove that the absorption of the American culture and language to a large extent took place, and was fruitful. For much of the twentieth century, the immigrant osmosis of the New World was associated with assimilation to the highly desirable, largely monolithic, English culture of the East Coast.

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Problemy perspektywy semiologicznej. Na przykładzie „Podboju Ameryki” Tzvetana Todorova

“It is more than needed in our country”. Contemporary Czech images of Scandinavia through the lens of literary criticism

Immigrants Descent and its Expression in American Culture and Language in the 20th Century