Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 3

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Użytkowanie wieczyste
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
PL
W artykule przeprowadzono badania dotyczące skali i znaczenia dochodów z tytułu użytkowania wieczystego w budżetach miast na prawach powiatu. Na dochody z tego tytułu składają się: opłaty za użytkowanie wieczyste, dochody z tytułu przekształcenia prawa wieczystego użytkowania gruntu w prawo własności oraz dochody z zarządzania nieruchomościami Skarbu Państwa (jako zadanie zalecone z zakresu administracji rządowej). Dochody z tytułu opłat za użytkowanie wieczyste, które przeanalizowano dla lat 2012-2016, mają niewielki, ale stały udział w dochodach miasta na prawach powiatu. Analizie szczegółowej poddano także 8 wybranych miast na prawach powiatu i zidentyfikowano istotne dysproporcje w kształtowaniu się dochodów z użytkowania wieczystego w mieście Warszawa oraz grupie pozostałych miast.
EN
The article presents the analyse of the volume and importance of income from perpetual usufruct in budgets of cities with district rights. Income from the perpetual usufruct consists of three sources: usufruct charges, income from the transformation of perpetual usufruct into ownership rights and income from the management of state property (as assigned task from government administration). The share of income from perpetual usufruct was little but stable in total income of cities with district rights budgets in 2012-2016. Furthermore, 8 cities with district rights were detailed analysed. The city of Warsaw and other cities composed two separate groups by income from perpetual usufruct.
EN
The focus of the article is on the interpretation of art. 235 §1 of the Polish Civil Code, which concerns buildings and other objects erected on the property in perpetual usufruct. According to the abovementioned provision of the Civil Code, such buildings and objects constitute real property separate from the ownership of the plot of land on which they are erected. It is the holder of the right of perpetual usufruct who is also the owner of the constructions present on the property. The regulation in question is an exception to the superficies solo cedit principle. However, the civil law doctrine and the case law is not uniform as far as the scope of the above exception is concerned. Some authors put great emphasis on the phrase to be found in art. 235 §1 CC according to which the perpetual usufruct holder gets the ownership only of these buildings and objects that are erected by him. In case of constructions erected by other persons (e.g. leasees), they would only constitute an element of the land and would be covered by the same ownership title. The author of the article takes an opposite view. In his opinion the literal meaning of art. 235 §1 CC is not decisive and all constructions erected on the property should be treated equally, whoever raised them. This view has been recently supported by the Polish Supreme Court in its judgment of November 25, 2011. All activities upon the property are undertaken on the account of the perpetual usufruct holder who remains liable against the owner of the land but who also gets the ownership of all new buildings and other objects that are firmly fixed to the ground. The author argues that only this interpretation allows to avoid unnecessary complications concerning the mutual relations between the owner of the land, the perpetual usufruct holder and the person who raised a building or another object. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the proposed understanding of art. 235 §1 CC greatly helps in applying the tax law rules with regard to identifying a person obliged to pay the real property tax concerning objects erected on the land.
PL
Nieruchomości stanowią jeden z fundamentów zasobu materialnego jednostek sfery publicznej. Użytkowanie wieczyste jest powszechną i trwałą formą prawną korzystania z gruntów państwowych i samorządowych. W przypadku nieruchomości gruntowych, stanowiących własność jednostki samorządu terytorialnego oddanych w użytkowanie wieczyste, występuje specyficzna kombinacja praw do tych aktywów. Przepisy z obszaru rachunkowości i finansów publicznych nie regulują zasad ich ujęcia i wyceny przez samorządy. W związku z tym występują w praktyce różne – bardzo odmienne – sposoby prezentacji i ustalania wartości gruntów obciążonych prawem wieczystego użytkowania, co w efekcie zakłóca proces porównywalności sprawozdań finansowych poszczególnych jednostek i niesie ryzyko błędnej oceny ich sytuacji majątkowej.
EN
Real estate is one of the cornerstones of material units’ resource of the public sphere. Perpetual usufruct is the universal and permanent legal form of use state and local government lands. In the case of land owned by local government units casted in perpetual usufruct, there is a specific combination of rights to these assets. The rules in the area of accounting and public finance rules do not regulate their recognition and measurement by local government units. Therefore, in practice there are different − very distinct − ways of presentation and valuation of land, encumbered with right of perpetual usufruct. As a consequence, it interferes with the process of comparability of financial statements of individual units and carries the risk of an erroneous assessment of their financial situation.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.