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EN
The European transfer market is based on the assumption that a sports club is entitled to compensation for the time and resources invested into the player’s training and the development of his sports talent, received when the player states his desire to change his club. In settlements, the transfer fee is a kind of compensation paid by the new club to the old one. This makes transfers not only an investment into the team’s development but also a source of considerable profits for individual football clubs. On the other hand, the amount paid for the new players does not necessarily correspond with the sport results, yet a transfer of a popular player becomes a source of financial revenues derived from merchandising, sponsorships, match tickets and broadcasts. The article presents the situation on the European football transfer market, the role of UEFA and the EU in transfer regulations and analyses the transfer fees in 2010/2011 season.
EN
Activities belonging to ambush marketing (parasite marketing) are more and more widely undertaken with regard to subsequent, huge sports events. Therefore, this article analyzes the scope of using this form of promotion in the period that preceded the 2012 European Football Championship. A reference has been made to Poland – a country which was a co-host of the championship. On the Polish market, owners of many brands performed actions that aimed at “stealing” image effects which should be achieved only by official sponsors who support such huge tournament (which is considered to be one of the three greatest sports events all around the world – apart from the Summer Olympic Games and the Football World Cup). The article has two objectives. First, it describes a concept of promoting selected brands (based on relation to the EURO 2012), identifying the scope of using ambush marketing forms in relation to Polish consumers. Second, it presents results of research which illustrates differences in conceiving the brands of both official sponsors and those – to whom one can attribute a name of ambushers.
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