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1

RESTORING THE NATIONAL AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE GREEK COMMUNITY IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR DURING THE “PERESTROIKA” PERIOD

100%

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2019

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issue 28

121-143

EN

Against the background of the socio-political and economic reforms of “perestroika” in the USSR, in particular the introduction of a new concept of national policy, the author outlined important aspects of national and cultural life of the Greek community of USSR. We are talking about its restoration in the specified period, which by this time seemed impossible for many decades of Soviet history. In fact it was the second attempt by the party leadership of the USSR to settle the national question in a democratic way after the measures conducted within the policy of “korenization” (granting to the languages of the USSR indigenous People official status and possibility of participation of their representatives in local self-government), initiated by the XII Congress RCP (b) in 1923, and which already in the end of 30 's were deemed false or even harmful. Since then, in the USSR the rights of national communities systematically violated (ignoring national and cultural needs, limitation of rights and freedoms, deportation on a national basis in 30 – 40 's, Holodomor in Ukraine 1932 – 1933 and etc.). However, the party leadership of the USSR consistently declared lack of any problems in the field of national policy. The situation changed after the proclamation in the USSR in 1985 a new political course, in the context of which basic principles of the Soviet National policy experienced a conceptual reappraisal. The paper is based on documents of the All-Union and Republican (talking about the Ukrainian SSR) value, which were directly related to the sphere of regulation of international relations. Their influence on national-cultural life of Greek community of Ukrainian SSR was analyzed. It should be noted that the term “national minorities” was not used in law-making during the “perestroika” period. Instead, used the notion of “people”, “nationality”, “national groups” and others.

2

Попытка смены поколений партийно-советской номенклатуры как инструмент преодоления кризиса Коммунистической Партии Украины (1985–1991 гг.)

75%

Bojko O., Kuzmenko Y.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2021

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vol. 26

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issue 336

103-120

EN

The article aims at an in-depth analysis of the Communist Party of Ukraine crisis at the time of Perestroika (1985-1991). The consequences of the crisis are mass resignations, formation of fractions and platforms, regionalization and decentralization of party structures. Furthermore, the crisis contributes to continuing fall in authority of CPSU in general and of CPU in particular limiting its access to real levers of influence upon the transformational processes; the loss of control over the course of reforms; the growth of spontaneity, chaos and uncontrollability in the development of society. In order to overcome the crisis, the Communist Party makes an attempt at a generational change in the Soviet party nomenclature, which is supposed to significantly rejuvenate the political elite of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR. However, the authors of the article, having analyzed archival documents, prove that in the Ukrainian SSR, a generational change does not take place, and the young cadres who come to power have no real influence. An attempt to change generations in the country's political elite fails and becomes the cause of internal political conflict.

3

Виселення жителів прикордонної зони УСРР у східні райони республіки (1934-1935 рр.)

63%

Rozovyk O.

Facta Simonidis

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2019

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issue 12

313-326

EN

Between 1934 ‒ 1935 the first big wave of forced relocations of border zone residents in Ukrainian SSR started. This process was due to the increase of international tensions, the construction of military facilities in these areas, as well as the negative attitude of the local population to the Soviet regime. Republican leadership feared that in case of an armed conflict between USSR and Poland or Germany, the local people will support the entry of foreign troops. Another motive to evict people was bullying the inhabitants of the western regions who had remained there and forcing them to join the collective farms. The migration process took place in difficult conditions of acute shortage of food and feed caused by famine (Golodomor) and negative attitude towards newcomers from the eastern region residents. Therefore, most of the immigrants could not settle in new places and resettled to the cities to find a job or were returning to their homeland.

PL

W latach 1934 - 1935 rozpoczęła się pierwsza wielka fala przymusowych przesiedleń mieszkańców obszaru przygranicznego Ukraińskiej SRR. Proces ten był spowodowany wzrostem napięcia międzynarodowego, budową obiektów wojskowych na tych terenach oraz negatywnym nastawieniem miejscowej ludności do rządu radzieckiego. Przywódcy republikańscy obawiali się, że w razie konfliktu zbrojnego między ZSRR a Polską lub Niemcami miejscowa ludność poprze przybycie obcych wojsk. Innym motywem deportacji ludności była niska akceptacja systemu kołchozowego w zachodnich regionach ZSRR. Proces przesiedlenia odbywał się w warunkach dotkliwego niedoboru żywności i pasz spowodowanych przez wielki głód (Hołodomor) i negatywnego nastawienia mieszkańców wschodnich regionów republiki do nowo przybyłych. W konsekwencji większość przesiedleńców nie mogła osiedlić się we wskazanych miejscach i przeniosła się albo do miast w poszukiwaniu pracy lub wróciła do swoich małych ojczyzn sprzed deportacji.

4

Reconstruction of the economy of the southern regions of the Ukrainian SSR and socio-economic revival of Crimea after the Second World War

63%

Satsky P.

Facta Simonidis

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2020

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issue 13

179-204

EN

The research has provided an analysis of the social and economic situation on the Crimean Peninsula after the end of the World War Second, as well as on the territory of Ukrainian SSR neighboring to it. The obtained data as regards the situation with the economy and manpower resources of Crimea after the end of military operations and expulsion of indigenous peoples on its territory, as well as the social and economic situation of Kherson region and east regions of Ukraine provided the basis on which the main conditions of economic recreation of the Crimean region were studied. The materials were analyzed based on archive funds including business correspondence and statistical data of the state authorities in Ukrainian SSR and in the governing party (Ukrainian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) the bodies of which actually took all principal management decisions. The research showed that significant manpower and material resources were activated in southeast regions of Ukraine with the purpose of implementing large-scale projects in the industry and agriculture. The biggest attention was paid to development of power generation based on coal mining in Donets Basin and heat power generation in Dnipro Basin. Formation of powerful energy areas created conditions for development of systems for irrigating arid land in south regions of Ukraine, electrification of agriculture and formation of powerful industrial clusters in those regions of Ukraine that were neighboring to the Crimean Peninsula. Realization of large-scale projects of development in the regions, which were neighboring to territory of Crimea during the years of the first five-year plan implementation after the end of the World War Second created conditions for the economic recreation of Crimea through applying the experience and extending the territory scope of projects implementation to the territory of peninsula.

PL

Artykuł traktuje o statusie społeczno-ekonomicznym półwyspu krymskiego oraz sąsiadujących z nim regionów Ukraińskiej SRR po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Na podstawie danych o stanie gospodarki i zasobów pracy na Krymie, po zakończeniu działań wojennych i deportacji ludności tubylczej na jego terytorium, a także sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej obwodu chersonskiego i wschodnich regionów Ukraińskiej SRR, analizie poddano podstawowe wyznaczniki ożywienia gospodarczego obwodu krymskiego. Rozważania oparte zostały na zachowanych archiwaliach, w tym korespondencjęi gospodarczej i statystykach władz Ukraińskiej SRR oraz partii rządzącej (PK(b)U). Ustalono, że w południowo- wschodnich regionach Ukraińskiej SRR uruchomione zostały duże zasoby pracy i materiałów, mające służyć realizacji ważnych projektów w dziedzinie przemysłu i rolnictwa. Przede wszystkim zwrócono uwagę na rozwój energetyki w oparciu o przemysł węglowy Donbassu i energię cieplną Ukrainy Naddnieprzańskiej. Stworzyło to podwaliny pod rozwój systemu nawadniania suchych ziem południowych regionów Ukrainy i elektryfikację rolnictwa. Jednocześnie realizacja wielkich projektów rozwojowych obszarów przylegających do półwyspu krymskiego podczas pierwszego po zakończeniu II wojny światowej planu pięcioletniego stworzyło dobrą podstawę dla rozwoju gospodarczego tych ziem.

5

МЕЖДУ «ТРАДИЦИЕЙ» И «МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЕЙ»: УКРАИНСКАЯ НОМЕНКЛАТУРА В 1946–1964 ГГ.

51%

Krupyna W.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2017

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issue 30

319-339

EN

In the twenty years of the post-war period two nomenclature periods can be identified – late Stalinism and Khrushchev. They differed by socio-political situation, personnel policies and management styles. Stalin period can be called a tradition, as nomenclature system formed and approved in 1920–1930’s operated on the same principles after the war. Khrushchev period acted as modernization attempts to improve management and prevent ossification of officials. Dynamics of quality characteristics considered at the level of local (first secretaries of district and city Communist party Committee and chairman of district and city executive committee) and regional (first secretaries of regional Communist party Committee and chairman of an oblast executive committee) leaders. National, gender, age characteristics, as well as indicators of party seniority and level of education were taken as themain markers of conservatism/modernization. The author uses statistic data from the Central State Archive of Public Organizations of Ukraine. From the aspect of social characteristic the big changes affected the local leaders. Style of governance and political association of people coming from the same region (zemliachestvo) are investigated. Under Khrushchev proved to political fraternities-informal groups of leaders, as a rule, people from the same area. Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov, Donetsk fraternities were formed in Ukraine. Stalin’s style of management required complete dedication with a strong political responsibility. Fear for one’s life was the main motivation of work. Khrushchev’s speech at the Twentieth Party Congress meant renunciation of terror as a means of government, but he offered no other effective motivators of diligent activity, so discipline decreased.

6

Сотрудничество СССР, украинской ССР и белорусской ССР в ООН в период советской перестройки

45%

Snapkouski U.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2021

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issue 30

113-140

EN

The article examines the main directions of activity and forms of interaction between the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Belarusian SSR in the UN and its specialized institutions during the years of perestroika (1985 - 1991). To disclose the topic, materials from the journal “International Affair” were used (reviews of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the foreign policy of the USSR, articles by the foreign ministers of the Union republics, primarily Ukraine and Belarus), book and journal publications of Union / Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian scientists, documents of the United Nations and foreign policy of the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Belarusian SSR. The author’s conscious emphasis on the union level reflects the real situation in relations between the Union Center and the republics in the Soviet federation during the perestroika period, when these relations rapidly evolved from the foreign policy dictate of the Center to greater autonomy of the republics in the international arena, which ultimately has led to the collapse of the USSR and the proclamation of independence all union republics. The article analyzes such issues as the new approach of the Soviet Union to the UN in the years of perestroika, the formation of new relations between the Union republics and the Center, diplomatic cooperation of Soviet delegations and representatives of socialist countries in the UN, Belarusian initiatives at the 45th session of the UN General Assembly (1990). During the years of perestroika, the Soviet leadership and the union Foreign Ministry did a tremendous job of clearing the rubble of the Cold War, developing broad international cooperation and integration the USSR into the world economy. The Belarusian and Ukrainian diplomatic services have made a significant contribution to this activity within the framework of the UN and its specialized agencies and have received much broader opportunities for realizing the national interests and needs of their peoples within the framework of radically renewed relations between the Union Center and the republics. The article is one of the first attempts in post-Soviet historiography to investigate the activities of the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the BSSR in the UN and its specialized institutions during the period of perestroika

RU

В статье исследуются основные направления деятельности и формы взаимодействия СССР, УССР и БССР в ООН и ее специализированных учреждениях в годы перестройки (1985–1991). Для раскрытия темы использованы материалы журнала «Международная жизнь» (обзоры МИД СССР о внешнеполитической деятельности СССР, статьи министров иностранных дел союзных республик, в первую очередь Украины и Беларуси), книжные и журнальные публикации союзных/российских, украинских и белорусских ученых, документы ООН и внешней политики СССР, УССР и БССР. Сознательный акцент автора на союзном уровне отражает реальную ситуацию во взаимоотношениях между союзным центром и республиками в СССР в перестроечный период, когда эти отношения быстро эволюционировали от внешнеполитического диктата центра к самостоятельности республик на международной арене, что в конечном счете привело к распаду СССР и провозглашению независимости всех союзных республик. В статье проанализированы такие вопросы, как новый подход Советского Союза к ООН в годы перестройки, формирование новых отношений между союзными республиками и центром, дипломатическое сотрудничество советских делегаций и представителей социалистических стран в ООН, белорусские инициативы на 45-й сессии Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН (1990). В годы перестройки советское руководство, союзный МИД проделали огромную работу по расчистке завалов «холодной войны», развитию широкого международного сотрудничества и интеграции СССР в мировую экономику. Свой немалый вклад в эту деятельность в рамках ООН и ее специализированных учреждений внесли белорусские и украинские дипломатические службы, получившие значительно более широкие возможности реализации национальных интересов и потребностей своих народов в рамках радикально обновляемых отношений между союзным центром и республиками. Статья является одной из первых попыток в постсоветской историографии исследовать деятельность СССР, УССР и БССР в ООН и ее специализированных учреждениях в период перестройки.

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2 Facta Simonidis

2 Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

1 Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Bojko O.

1 Krupyna W.

1 Kuzmenko Y.

1 Rozovyk O.

1 Satsky P.

1 Snapkouski U.

2 2021

1 2020