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EN
The formation of soviet law in Ukraine was inevitably connected with the spread of soviet power. Along with the soviet institutions, legislative acts of Soviet Union were spread on the territory of Ukraine and replaced the earlier normative acts. The legal system in Ukraine was in fact formed on the basis of the ideological foundations created by the Soviet Union. However, it is a fact that the system of law in Russia after the October Revolution of 1917 did not emerge from scratch, but was built on already existing legal traditions. They are based on three basic sources: German legal tradition, which influenced pre-revolutionary Russian legal culture, Russia’s own legal culture and, of course, official socialist ideology, as well, which provided the legal system with a link to the legal past, which in turn ensured the advancement of the legal system. The legal development of Ukraine during the soviet period was based on the adapting of Ukrainian legal past to the needs of the soviet period. Accordingly, this approach confirms the preservation of the link between the Ukrainian legal past and the present. That means, that the processes that are happening nowadays in the legal system of the modern Ukraine cannot be analyzed without taking into account the initial state of legal institutions that were formed Before and After the soviet period. Therefore, the preservation and analysis of the Ukrainian SSR’s law as a legal heritage of Ukraine will make it possible to ensure progress in the evolution of the modern Ukrainian legal system.
EN
The Ukrainian military chaplaincy has the best developed organizational structures. This stems from the events of the Russian annexation of the Crimea and the hybrid war in Donbas. The prison chaplaincy has also been organized based on the structures of penitentiaries and detention centres. The police chaplaincy, in turn, requires the introduction of new legislative solutions. In addition, the Greek Catholic Church in Ukraine has established its own diocesan structures for special chaplaincies, whereas the remaining religious organizations have only organized rudimentary chaplaincies in the army, police and prison service. The study concerns the functioning of the military, police and prison chaplaincies in Ukraine. The focus is the analysis of the legal regulations and practice in this respect, conducted using the dogmatic and comparative method. The aim is to suggest some possible legislative solutions, which would for example consist in issuing state regulations that guarantee religious care in the form of special chaplaincies. The article concludes with some suggestions and recommendations along these lines.
PL
Ukraińskie duszpasterstwo wojskowe posiada najbardziej rozwinięte struktury organizacyjne. Wpływ na to miały wydarzenia związane z rosyjską aneksją Krymu oraz wojną hybrydową w Donbasie. Także duszpasterstwo więzienne zostało zorganizowane w oparciu o struktury zakładów karnych i aresztów śledczych. Natomiast duszpasterstwo policyjne wymaga wprowadzenia nowych rozwiązań legislacyjnych. Poza tym Kościół greckokatolicki na Ukrainie utworzył własne struktury diecezjalne dla potrzeb duszpasterstw specjalnych a pozostałe wspólnoty religijne kapelaństwo w wojsku, policji i więziennictwie zorganizowały jedynie w formie szczątkowej. Opracowanie dotyczy funkcjonowania duszpasterstwa wojskowego, policyjnego i więziennego na Ukrainie. Przeprowadzona została analiza unormowań prawnych i praktyki w tym zakresie. Celem badań było wskazanie możliwych rozwiązań legislacyjnych, polegających np. na wydaniu przepisów państwowych gwarantujących opiekę religijną w formie duszpasterstw specjalnych. Stąd na końcu artykułu sformułowane zostały stosowne wnioski i postulaty
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