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1
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Neighbourhood Ties and Migrant Networks: The Case of Circular Ukrainian Migrants in Warsaw, Poland

100%
Toruńczyk-Ruiz S.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2014
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vol. 3
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issue 1
41-62
EN
The paper deals with the importance of neighbourhood ties in the social networks of circular migrants. While existing research shows that social networks constitute a crucial element in the process of circular migration, not much is known about the extent to which these networks are territorialised. The paper discusses this issue by analysing the case of Ukrainian migrants in Warsaw and its suburbs, who are close to the receiving society in both cultural and geographic terms and thus make this group a unique case compared to immigrants travelling to Europe from more distant places. The analyses are based on data collected in a survey on Ukrainian migrants carried out in 2010 by the Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, with the help of Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). The studied sample consists of 342 respondents with different duration of migration from Ukraine to Poland. The paper argues that neighbourhood ties do not play an important role in the social capital and mobility patterns of Ukrainian circular migrants. The social relations of migrants are formed through ethnic and kinship ties, which are not related to a specific local area. The analyses also confirm earlier findings which show that Ukrainian migrants do not tend to concentrate spatially in the Warsaw metropolitan area, but which do point to the existence of small ethnic clusters. However, these seem to be determined by structural factors such as the availability of flats rather than individual preferences to live close to co-ethnics, which altogether suggests that there is a limited potential for local community formation among Ukrainian migrants.
2
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From Drifting to Anchoring. Capturing the Experience of Ukrainian Migrants in Poland

100%
Grzymała-Kazłowska A., Brzozowska A.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2017
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vol. 6
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issue 2
103-122
EN
The article applies the concept of anchoring, defined as the process of searching for footholds and points of reference which allows individuals to acquire socio-psychological stability and security and function effectively in a new environment, to explore complex, multidimensional and flexible adaptation and settlement processes among migrants from Ukraine in Poland. Based on 40 in-depth interviews and questionnaires with migrants resident in Warsaw and its vicinity, we argue that the traditional categories employed for analysing migrants’ adaptation and settlement such as 'integration' or 'assimilation' are not always adequate to capture the way of functioning and experience of contemporary Ukrainian migrants. Rather than traditional categories, we propose to apply the concept of anchoring which enables us to capture Ukrainians’ 'fluid' migration, drifting lives and complex identities as well as mechanisms of settling down in terms of searching for relative stability rather than putting down roots. The paper discusses the ambiguous position of Ukrainian migrants in Poland constructed as neither the strangers nor the same, gives insight into their drifting lives and illuminates ways of coping with temporariness and establishing anchors providing migrants with a sense of stability and security. This approach, linking identity, security and incorporation, emphasises, on the one hand, the psychological and emotional aspects of establishing new footholds and, on the other hand, tangible anchors and structural constraints. Its added value lies in the fact that it allows for complexity, simultaneity and changeability of anchoring and the reverse processes of un-anchoring to be included.
3
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Refugees, IDPs or just Ukrainians? Local Online Media and Perceptions of Donbas Internally Displaced Persons (2014–2018)

100%
Steblyna N.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2023
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vol. 12
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issue 1
127-157
EN
The purpose of this paper is to define, through content and frame analysis, the peculiarities in the representation of Ukrainian internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine’s local media and to compare this case with previous findings about the general peculiarities of perceptions of IDPs in the mass media. Two Ukrainian news sites were studied (2014–2018), giving a total 328 news items. My study revealed that the mass media do not differentiate between the terms ‘refugee’ and IDP and describe these latter as passive people (174 mentions as opposed to 77 mentions for active people). However, in the Ukrainian case, IDPs were in the top three of the most popular sources at the beginning of the resettlement (2014–2015). Later, the coverage became an episodic one, with publications about the topic typically having only one source – officials. The mass media preferred such frames as: ‘generalisation’, ‘victim’ and ‘help-receiver’. The ‘threat’ frame was less often used; however, some aggressive and manipulative phrases were disseminated. A ‘criminal’ frame was not at all popular. Thus, the local press may be an important forum for IDPs; Ukrainian journalists were interested in their stories although the coverage needs some improvement (a more ‘active’ angle, clear reference to IDPs as IDPs and not refugees and stories of socialisation etc.).
4
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Osobowość nauczycieli a ich praca z dziećmi migrantami w szkole podstawowej

87%
Pamuła-Behrens M., Hennel-Brzozowska A.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2017
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issue 46
169-191
EN
Research on the personality of primary school teachers and on their level of competence in teaching migrant children, including their own migration experience and their attitudes toward training for better education of foreign pupils, was conducted in 2016, using Big Five NEO-FFI and a questionnaire constructed by the authors (PPNUC). The subjects work in a big Polish city and their school is attended by Ukrainian and Vietnamese migrant children; half of the teachers (called NU) have the migrant children in their classes, the other half do not (NN). The results have shown, among others, that NU teachers have higher extraversion scores than NN and that younger teachers have a more positive attitude toward training programs for educating migrant children.
5
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(Missing) Bridging Ties and Social Capital? The Creation and Reproduction of Migrants’ Social Network Advantages: The Case of Ukrainian Migrants in Poland

86%
Kindler M., Wójcikowska-Baniak K.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2019
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vol. 8
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issue 1
95-116
EN
The paper investigates the mechanisms behind the formation and maintenance of those migrants’ social ties which translate into a particular composition of the network and become a source of social capital. Based on a number of in-depth interviews with Ukrainian migrants in Warsaw, we find that Ukrainian migrants’ networks are based primarily on ties homogenous in regard to nationality, level of education and character of work. The institutional context of social interaction determines with whom migrants form relations and whether these ties become a source of social advancement. The studied migrants do form bridging ties with more experienced, as well as socially and legally embedded persons, mainly other migrants, receiving both instrumental and emotional support.
6
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(Nie)planowane (nie)powroty Ukraińców pracujących w Polsce w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku. Czynniki warunkujące przeobrażenia migracji czasowych w osiadłe

72%
Zielińska M., Szaban D.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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2021
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issue 76
39-58
EN
The article attempts to use the concept of social anchoring to analyse the phenomenon of temporary migration of Ukrainians working in Poland in the second decade of the 21st century. The concept is relatively new in Polish migrant literature and refers to the process of searching for life’s backrest points – anchors, allowing individuals to achieve psychosocial stability and to function effectively under new conditions. The collective of Ukrainians constitutes an interesting research category due to the fact that Poland is their main place of choice for migration both for a limited period of time – short (about one year), a certain long (several years) and for permanent residence. In its post-war history, Poland experiences for the first time contact with a mass migrant, not only taking up gainful employment, but settling with his family and attempting integration and assimilation into Polish society. Although Poles have fiercely opposed refugees from Syria or Africa, they hardly see Ukrainian migration as a threat to themselves. With an empirical base in the form of 36 interviews conducted among Ukrainian citizens employed in Poland in 2019, we would like to try to describe the differences in the projections of Ukrainian migration in the context of declarations on staying/leaving the country of migration after achieving the targets.
PL
Podstawowym celem artykułu jest podjęcie próby odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, co może spowodować przeobrażenia migracji czasowych Ukraińców przebywających w Polsce w pobyty stałe/migracje osiadłe; jakiego rodzaju „kotwice” są potrzebne (i realizowane) w procesie przekształcania się charakteru i wzoru migracji? Empiryczną podstawę do realizacji tak postawionego celu daje 36 wywiadów przeprowadzonych wśród obywateli ukraińskich zatrudnionych w Polsce w 2019 r. Teoretycznej inspiracji dostarczyła koncepcja społecznego zakotwiczania, która odnosi się do procesu poszukiwania życiowych punktów oparcia – kotwic, pozwalających jednostkom na osiągnięcie psychospołecznej stabilizacji i na efektywne funkcjonowanie w nowych warunkach.  
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