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EN
The article presents the problem of migration and assimilation of newcomers in the countries of residence. One of the main reasons for migration are economic and social considerations, this applies to both non-European arrivals and internal migration. The aim of this study, conducted by scholars from Norway and Poland, is to compare systemic solutions both within the social legislation and the functioning of the labor market with respect to Poles and Ukrainians, confronting them with existing barriers regarding the possibility of assimilation and obstacles related to the transformation of economic into settlement migration. The methodological and theoretical basis of the team’s research is comparative methods, including comparative politics. The research on immigrants was conducted using both quantitative methods - statistical and qualitative data analysis - and research using the in-depth interview method. Poles and Ukrainians are not at the same stage of formal migration due to the formal plane. According to the analysis, Ukrainians have much greater opportunities for actual assimilation than Poles in Norway. Smaller cultural differences and linguistic barriers to the Ukrainians in Poland are conducive to this process. If the state and Polish society take advantage of this situation and enable the settlement of Ukrainians and make their job offers more attractive, there is a chance that they will fill the emerging demographic gap. It would be for the benefit of both societies.
EN
The objective of this study is to present the opinions of Ukrainian secondary school students, living in a boarding school in Lublin, on their adaptation to the new environment while studying in Poland. The questionnaire method was used, which offered an insight into particular aspects of adaptation for their studying abroad, e.g., coping with being parted from their family, managing free time, adjusting to the new educational environment, viewing the Polish society, as well as observing differences and similarities between the Polish and Ukrainian culture. The collected data point to a need to intensify educational activity promoting the space of mutual understanding between the citizens of the neighbouring countries. The problems revealed in this study show that the educational migration of Ukrainian students to Poland requires implementing a long-term and systemic educational policy that would shape multicultural competence of the Polish society.
EN
In order to explain attitudes towards the Polish welfare system the author analyses the statistical data and in-depth interviews with foreigners living in Poland. The topics discussed included, inter alia, health care, education, invalidity and old-age pension, and safeguards against poverty. The article begins by presenting the methodology and the legal framework. The second section describes experience of Ukrainian labour migrants with the Polish welfare with particular attention given to the practices they apply and, as well as comparison between Polish and Ukrainian welfare systems. Next, the experience of citizens of western EU member states is described.
EN
At present, the intensity of social mobility among Poland as well as Ukraine is increasing due to various causes which successively contain diverse implications. This paper analyses the issue or else the replacement of human capital among the two countries in the context of their social security. The issue of human capital in social studies widespreads by means of discussing the notion in relation to addressing the difficulty of social development, the progress of regions, as well as the individuals themselves. However, in the social studies it is worthwhile to undertake the aspect of the capital of migrants from Ukraine to Poland in the context of mutual social security.
PL
Obecnie widoczne jest coraz większe natężenie migracji pomiędzy Polską a Ukrainą. Może to wynikać z różnych przesłanek, które implikują z kolei rozmaite skutki. Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy to zjawisko jest dla Polski szansą czy zagrożeniem, a także przybliżyć temat wymiany kapitału ludzkiego pomiędzy oboma krajami w kontekście ich bezpieczeństwa społecznego. Problematyka kapitału ludzkiego w naukach społecznych jest bardzo rozległa za sprawą omawiania koncepcji w związku z podejmowaniem koncepcji rozwoju społecznego, rozwoju regionów i samych jednostek. Niemniej warto podjąć w naukach społecznych aspekt kapitału osób migrujących z Ukrainy do Polski w kontekście wzajemnego bezpieczeństwa społecznego.
EN
This paper shows the situation of Poles in modern Ukraine, their methods of self-organization and problems in achieving their goals. Drew attention to the relationship of the Polish minority of local and central authorities, as well as the attitude of the Polish government to compatriots in the East. A comparison with the situation of Poles living in Lithuania and Belarus. Shows the condition ofUkrainians in Poland, their methods of self-organization and relations with the authorities of the country of residence.
PL
W artykule pokazano sytuację Polaków we współczesnej Ukrainie, sposoby ich samoorganizacji i problemy w osiągnięciu swoich celów. Zwrócono uwagę na stosunki polskiej mniejszości narodowej z władzami lokalnymi i centralnymi, a także stosunek władz RP do rodaków na Wschodzie. Dokonano porównania z sytuacją Polaków mieszkających na Litwie i Białorusi. Przedstawiono kondycję Ukraińców w Polsce, sposoby ich samoorganizacji i stosunki z władzami państwa zamieszkania.
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