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EN
The United States Congress, as one of the most important institutions of the country’s political system, has broad powers to legislate, shape policy and influence the executive branch. One of its primary prerogatives is to approve the budget of the United States Department of Defense. The purpose of this study is to analyse the actions of Congress in relation to the presidential proposal to create the United States Space Force as a separate type of military, which was designed as a response of the administration’s reply to the growing importance of outer space as a domain of military action. The author adopted network institutionalism as a theoretical basis and applied methods of institutional examination and content analysis. He used these to positively verify the following hypothesis: the presidential project for the creation of the Space Force was subject to substantive debate in Congress, while serving as a bargaining chip in the process of implementing part demands through the shape and distribution of expenditure in the defense budget.
EN
This article is devoted entirely to the institution of the President on the example of the Congress of the United States of America. The office of the chairman, whose competence is to conduct deliberations, is characteristic of bodies with a collegial structure. This applies especially to those of them whose composition consists of more than a few persons. The author of the article focus on all aspects concerning this office. In the first part there is a brief characterization of the models of the institution of the speaker of parliament, as well as a historical outline of this institution. In the next part an author present the systemic position of the presiding officers of the chambers of the American Parliament.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest w całości instytucji przewodniczącego na przykładzie Kongresu Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Urząd przewodniczącego, do którego kompetencji należy prowadzenie obrad jest charakterystyczny dla ciał o strukturze kolegialnej. Ma to zastosowanie zwłaszcza do tych z nich, których skład tworzy więcej niż kilka osób. Autor artykułu skupia się na wszystkich aspektach dotyczących tego urzędu. W pierwszej części znajduje się krótka charakterystyka modeli instytucji przewodniczącego parlamentu, a także rys historyczny tej instytucji. W dalszej części autor przedstawia pozycję ustrojową przewodniczących izb amerykańskiego parlamentu.
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