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The Problems of the Military Provisions and Payouts and Their Consequences during the Upper Hungary Campaign of 1664

100%

Komjáti Z. I.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2021

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vol. 24

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issue 1

70-95

EN

This study concentrates on the financial and alimentative problems of the Anti-Turkish Campaign of Upper Hungary in 1664, and on the military abuses derived from the shortage of the adequate supplying. Due to the often happening contemporary logistic shortages and the exiguousness of the Hungarian resources, the Imperial War Council supplied with difficulty the German–Hungarian Army led by General Louis de Souches and Stephen I. Koháry, General-Captain of Fiľakovo (who was commissioned twice to Commander of the Hungarian Troops during the campaign). The obtaining of the payout was always on the agenda in the agreements with the county magistrates, and by order of Palatine Francis Wesselényi, the magnates and the prelates were also obliged to surrender grain crops and other foods. In spite of the very often shortage of supplying, the commanders managed to solve the problems, and the Christian Army successfully re-captured Nitra and Levice, and were also victorious on the battlefield of Žarnovica and Hronský Beňadik. But the encamped soldiers were encouraged by the unsystematic paying and food supplying to pillage the inhabitants of the surrounding settlements. The campaign also gave an opportunity for the looting of the vagrant soldiers who often could not be called to account for their crimes, because they did not serve under the banners. To avoid the pillages and atrocities, the only solution was that trusted and disciplinable soldiers were recruited in the camp, and by means of issuing strict orders, the commerce of the stolen livestock were forbidden in all of free and royal towns. The magistrates of certain settlements and other owners asked for safe-conduct or safeguard garrison from the commanders trying to assure the protection for the inhabitants and their belongings.

2

The structure of noble society and the institutional frameworks of life in Upper Hungary in the first half of the seventeenth century

75%

Borbély Z.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2021

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vol. 36

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issue 2

261-286

EN

In my study, I analyze the structure of the noble society of the Upper Hungarian region, and I try to show, that which stratum of the noble society operated the different level of the military and estates govenment and how they were related each other in the first half of the 17th century.

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K problematike patrocínií vybraných protestantských kostolov hontianskeho arcidiakonátu vo svetle vizitačných protokolov zo 17.-18. storočia

75%

Lukáč M., Reischlová D.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2021

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vol. 36

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issue 1

111-140

EN

The author focusses on the issue of church dedications and their changes with respect to chosen sacral buildings of protestant congregations in the historical Hontian Archdeaconry (especially in the towns of Banská Štiavnica and Krupina and the villages of Cerovo and Dačov Lom) in the context of the research on 34 other locations of evangelical (Lutheran and Calvinist) churches and prayer rooms. In doing so, it has been found out that some originally catholic dedications together with the original furnishings have been preserved, although the churches in question have been in the possession of the Lutherans in some cases for more than a century, while the patrocinations of some sacral buildings have changed. It is the gradual development that is of importance here – the withdrawal from using patrocinations and from reverence for saints in Lutheran religious congregations (partly with changed furnishings), which occurred at a faster pace in the Calvinist congregations where the reverence for saints disappeared altogether. Prescribed religious holidays (festa decretalia) were celebrated more frequently in the Lutheran environment than in the Calvinist one. Changes in the perception of the patrocinations are also evidenced in sources of secular provenience in towns, where the original catholic dedications were replaced by new names. The presented study documents the gradual and differentiated demise of the reverence for saints, which was partly accompanied by changes in the furnishings of the congregations, changes of the patrocination in several places and by the demise of the original patrocination without introducing a new one in one case.

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Census Valachorum in mid-16th century upper Hungary

65%

Diaconescu M.

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 1

17-28

PL

The Vlachs in mid-16th century Upper Hungary had different obligations than all other subjects of the feudal estate. The sum of all fiscal obligations of the Vlachs is summarized in the census of the Muráň castle estate, which always designates it under the name “census Valachorum”, a phrase that includes the delivery of sheep, lambs, quarks, or pieces of harness for horses. Their main obligation consisted in a number of sheep, lambs, and goats according to the size of their flock, which they delivered around the Pentecost. Another obligation typical of the Vlachs was the bellows cheese. For every flock was due a harness (cinctorium), named at times after its Hungarian equivalent, heveder. If this harness is common to a number of the feudal estates, on the Muráň castle estate it was supplemented by a wool fabric, called in Hungarian nemez, and in Latin subsellium, probably because it was used as felt padding for the horseback, under the saddle.

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2 Folia historica Bohemica

1 Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

1 Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

1 Borbély Z.

1 Diaconescu M.

1 Komjáti Z. I.

1 Lukáč M.

1 Reischlová D.

3 2021

1 2015

The Problems of the Military Provisions and Payouts and Their Consequences during the Upper Hungary Campaign of 1664

The structure of noble society and the institutional frameworks of life in Upper Hungary in the first half of the seventeenth century

K problematike patrocínií vybraných protestantských kostolov hontianskeho arcidiakonátu vo svetle vizitačných protokolov zo 17.-18. storočia

Census Valachorum in mid-16th century upper Hungary