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MLČAL PÁPEŽ PIUS XII. O HOLOKAUSTE? POSUN V HISTORICKOM VÝSKUME PO OTVORENÍ VATIKÁNSKYCH ARCHÍVOV

100%
Szabó M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2023
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vol. 27
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issue 2
598 - 609
EN
The article discusses the state of art concerning the explanations of attitude and reactions of Pope Pius II and the Vatican to the persecution and Holocaust of the Jews during the Second World War. In addition to references to the literature available in Czech and Slovak translations, it emphasizes the latest international research results after the opening of the Vatican archives in spring 2020. The focus of these revisions is primarily on the reconstruction of events during 1942, when more and more information about the genocide of the Jews on the Eastern Front and in the occupied Polish territories reached the Vatican. Recent archival discoveries show that the editors of the official edition of the historical documents have been selective and have not included important sources that show the contradictory reactions of some papal officials. The dispute between defenders and critics of Pius XII over whether his “silence” was due to diplomatic efforts to save the Jews or to inhibitions stemming from power calculations or even traditional prejudices must therefore be considered in a new context. Recent research has also clarified the ethical dimension of the Pope’s dilemma to confine him to diplomatic efforts or to come out in open protest, thus rehabilitating to some extent the literary impetus of these now more than half-century-long controversies, which was Rolf Hochhuth’s play The Deputy (1963).
2

PARLAMENTNÍ VOLBY A AKTIVITA ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ STRANY LIDOVÉ V POLITICKÉM ŽIVOTĚ PRVNÍ ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ REPUBLIKY V REFLEXI PŘEDSTAVITELŮ SVATÉHO STOLCE

100%
Šmíd M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 2
273 – 291
EN
The study deals with the reports on the parliamentary elections by the Vatican diplomats in Czechoslovakia in the period of the First Republic (1918–1938). This represents a valuable source of knowledge of the multi-layered activity of the Apostolic Nuncio in Prague, who regularly sent his detailed reports to the Secretary of State of the Holy See - in the 1920s, Cardinal Pietro Gasparri and Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, later Pope Pius XII. The study deals with every parliamentary election that took place during the inter-war period (April 1920, November 1925, October 1929 and May 1935). Their results are compared in relation to both the expectations of the representatives of the Holy See and the political and religious reality in Czechoslovakia, considering each election to be a phenomenon that cannot be comprehensively studied without knowledge of the Vatican archives. The text is primarily based on the Historical Archive of the State Secretariat of the Holy See in the Vatican and abundant Czech literature.
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