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  1. 2 ESPES

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  1. 1 Krátky O.

  2. 1 Krátký O.

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  1. 1 2022

  2. 1 2019

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VNÍMÁNÍ TEXTU, DÉLKA JEHO TRVÁNÍ, EVALUACE: RŮZNÍ AUTOŘI, SOUVISEJÍCÍ POZOROVÁNÍ

100%
Krátký O.
ESPES
|
2019
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
33 – 44
EN
Recipients always perceive texts in a successive and linear way. Often, the recipient’s perception of the text only lasts until the text has fulfilled the expectations the recipient has of it. Being well aware of this, the authors build texts based on their goals, aims, or preferences that either meaningfully fulfil the expectations of the recipient - according to the authors’ own knowledge, estimation, or presumptions - or, on the contrary, more or less intentionally violate these expectations. While the fulfilment of expectations results in a certain “comforting” impression on recipients, its violation causes an arousal in them. In this sense, violation of expectations does not only have a negative effect, but it can also have a communicative value. It can be argued that a) the author incorporates stimuli into the text that lead to the violation of the recipient’s expectations and does so with a communicatively functional - also artistic and aesthetic - kind of intent and b) an arousal is a consequence of violating the recipient’s expectations; then if an author’s artistic or aesthetic intention lies in a (multi layered, sequential, compositional) series of violations of the recipient’s expectations, this can provoke an aesthetic experience which will be caused - among other things - by the arousals themselves induced by the relevant violations.
2
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POZNÁMKY K TEXTU – (NE)PORUŠENÍ OČEKÁVÁNÍ RECIPIENTŮ JAKO SOUČÁST AUTOROVY STRATEGIE

88%
Krátky O.
ESPES
|
2022
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
115 - 151
EN
The following paper draws upon a formerly published paper of mine (Krátky, 2021) where text perception was analysed from the perspective of the recipient. As its logical continuation and completion, this paper deals with the author’s viewpoint in the process. Various related aspects are identified, observed and studied, such as the ‘author’s strategy’, the evaluation of the recipient, the intended goals, as well as other important factors that influence the final text. Special attention is paid to all such aspects of communication pragmatism that are reflected by the author’s (more or less controlled) deviations from the norm, aptly made to achieve communication goals. Within this framework, the study strives to show the different roles that the factor termed ‘expectation violation’ takes on when strategically applied by the author in the process of text creation. To support this description, numerous observations by authors such as Grice, Burgoon, Gombrich, Iser etc. are employed. By tackling the author’s viewpoint on text creation, a claim is advanced concerning the plausibility of certain conclusions, theories and, possibly, laws, by virtue of the identification and observation of selected multi-domain principles, phenomena and tendencies.
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