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EN
The topic of this article is the reception of Varlam Shalamov’s output since his first official publication of The Kolyma tales in1978 inLondon until now. Works published inRussia andPoland, also inFrance,Great Britain,Italy,Israel,Germany,USA andAustralia have been deeply analysed. It was proved that first publications were dedicated to Varlam Shalamov’s biography and the portrayal of the Gulag civilization (since the second half of 90’s, last century). Problems of poetic in works are dominating in last publications. Apart of this, on the bases of thematics of chosen research papers in the article, some directions of further development of Shalamov’s legacy were determined.
PL
The topic of this article is the reception of Varlam Shalamov’s output since his first official publication of The Kolyma tales in1978 inLondon until now. Works published inRussia andPoland, also inFrance,Great Britain,Italy,Israel,Germany,USA andAustralia have been deeply analysed. It was proved that first publications were dedicated to Varlam Shalamov’s biography and the portrayal of the Gulag civilization (since the second half of 90’s, last century). Problems of poetic in works are dominating in last publications. Apart of this, on the bases of thematics of chosen research papers in the article, some directions of further development of Shalamov’s legacy were determined.
EN
The article offers a reflection on the poetry of Varlam Shalamov, which continues to attract only a limited interest among literature experts researching the works of the author of Kolyma Tales. The analysis addresses the categories of time and space in the poem Мне что ни ночь – то море бреда… being part of the Сумка почтальона series. By analysing the individual motifs, with account taken of their historical (Gulag by A. Applebaum) and literary contexts (One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by A. Solzhenitsyn, A World Apart by G. Herling-Grudziński), as well as through reflection on their theoretical,literary and philosophical aspects (M. Bakhtin, Y. Lotman, H. Bergson, G. Bachelard, G. Durand), it has been established that the poem features three basic chronotypes: the external(n), the external(d), and the internal. The internal chronotype has been found to constitute a mirror image of the other two space-time dimensions which in fact determine the existential situation of the lyrical “I” (reduction or restoration of the spiritual sphere), with this situation depending on the category of memory.
PL
W artykule poddano refleksji poezję Warłama Szałamowa, która w dalszym ciągu pozostaje na marginesie zainteresowań literaturoznawców badających twórczość autora Opowiadań kołymskich. Zanalizowana została kategoria czasu oraz przestrzeni w wierszu Мне что ни ночь – то море бреда… z cyklu Torba listonosza (Сумка почтальона). W toku badań poszczególnych motywów, z uwzględnieniem kontekstu historycznego (Gułag Anne Applebaum) oraz literackiego (Jeden dzień Iwana Denisowicza Aleksandra Sołżenicyna, Inny świat Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego), a także refleksji teoretyczno-literackiej i filozoficznej (Michaiła Bachtin, Jurija Łotman, Henriego Bergson, Gastona Bachelard, Gilberta Duranda) wykazano, że utwór jest w istocie obrazem poetyckim, w którym istotną rolę odgrywają elementy akwatyczne. Obraz ten jest metaforą kondycji człowieka w rzeczywistości łagrowej. Analiza kategorii czasu oraz przestrzeni tworzących kilka chronotopów wykazała, że kondycja człowieka w każdym z nich jest zróżnicowana; jest determinowana przez dwa zasadnicze czynniki: wspomnienia (przeszłość) i wewnętrzną siłę witalną (ukierunkowanie ku przyszłości).
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