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EN
After the adoption of the Electoral Code, the Ukrainian electoral system entered a new state of evolution. The paper presents the basic principles of electing People’s Deputies on the basis of the Electoral Code with regard to the earlier stages of changes in Ukrainian electoral law. The Polish literature has not dealt analytically with these solutions so far. Probably the time will come when they will be implemented. The author’s intention is to describe the characteristics of the Code in the part concerning the election of popular deputies. The President of Ukraine’s proposal to amend Art. 76 and 77 of the Constitution providing for the reduction of the number of deputies to 300, the introduction of censorship for speaking the mother tongue as a condition for running for the Verkhovna Rada and the constitutionalization of a proportional electoral system indicate that the process of shaping the principles of electing People’s Deputies in Ukraine is not yet complete.
PL
Wraz z uchwaleniem Kodeksu Wyborczego system wyborczy Ukrainy wszedł w nową fazę ewolucji. Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe zasady wybierania deputowanych ludowych w oparciu o Kodeks Wyborczy na tle wcześniejszych etapów przemian prawa wyborczego Ukrainy. W polskiej literaturze rozwiązaniami tymi dotychczas analitycznie się nie zajmowano. Zapewne przyjdzie na to czas, gdy zostaną one poddane dogłębnej ocenie przez doktrynę ukraińską, w szczególności zaś gdy zostaną zastosowane. Wniesienie przez Prezydenta Ukrainy projektu nowelizacji art. 76 i 77 Konstytucji przewidującej zmniejszenie liczby deputowanych do 300, wprowadzenie jako warunku kandydowania do Rady Najwyższej cenzusu władania językiem ojczystym oraz konstytucjonalizację proporcjonalnego system wyborczego wskazuje, że proces kształtowania zasad wybierania deputowanych ludowych w Ukrainie jeszcze się nie zakończył.
EN
The conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on the Azov Sea (also called the Kerch Strait conflict) is the second field of rivalry — after Russia had seized Crimea by force — which has not been finalized either de facto or de iuris. It is an example of a political action generated by Russia, where the Federation — depending on current demands — exercises full control over the course of warfare and diplomatic actions by either escalating the tension or freezing the conflict. The Azov Sea incident of 25 November 2018 shall be regarded in those categories. Proposing this thesis, the date of the incident must be taken into account. It took place a few months before elections in Ukraine and, as it seems, it was to be one of the elements of Russia’s attempts at influencing the election and ensuring the victory of Russia-oriented political parties. In the crisis situation, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine had to take a position. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the deputies not only used all constitutional entitlements to support actions of the executive (President and government), but also significantly exceeded their prerogatives. Moreover, the article is a contribution to the research of the legislative systems’ conduct in crisis situations.
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Proces konstytucyjny na Ukrainie w latach 2014-2016

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EN
The article presents the constitutional process that took place in Ukraine in 2014–2016. The regulations of the constitutional acts passed by the Supreme Council of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada) have been outlined as well as bills of acts assuming the introduction of further changes to the Constitution of Ukraine. Norms of the act “On reinstating the effectiveness of some provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine” of February 21, 2014, and of the act “On introducing changes to the Constitution of Ukraine (in the scope of judiciary)” of June 2, 2016, have been analyzed. Moreover, the author focused on three constitutional bills registered in the parliament and assuming amending the Constitution of Ukraine in the field of powers of the state organs and of the local governments, immunity of Ukrainian MPs and judges as well as in the field of decentralization of power.
EN
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 became the key historical event of the end of the XX century. The study of measures taken by the Soviet leadership to rescue the «last empire» and Ukraine's participation in disintegration processes form the basis of this article. The author reviewes the steps of the official Kyiv in order to achieve a real state separation with the Union Center after the proclamation of Ukraine's independence. Political maneuvers of the state leaders of the USSR and Russia in order to preserve any form of geopolitical construction under the name «USSR» are traced. The attitude of different groups of the Ukrainian political elite concerning the problem of the transformation of the USSR and the prospects of Ukraine's development as an independent state are analyzed as well as the role of the democratic parliamentary bloc – the People's Council in the process of sovereignty. The essence of the contradictions in the views of two parts of the Ukrainian establishment regarding Ukraine's participation in Kremlin political projects is revealed. The preconditions and the essence of the formation of political consensus between the part of the communist elite and nationally oriented opposition concerning the future status of the republic as an independent state are highlighted. The motives of the compromise solution of the Ukrainian government concerning the accession of the republic to the economic intergovernmental entity - Economic Community. The author presented his own interpre-tation of the role and significance of Ukraine in blocking of the «Novogorovsky process», after the final collapse of which the Soviet Union ceased to exist.
Facta Simonidis
|
2013
|
vol. 6
|
issue 1
93-117
EN
The article analyses the distribution of power among factions and groups in Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (1990-2012). It uses Banzhaf’s power index including the simple and constitutional majority’s index and α-index which takes into account factions’ and groups’ preferences for coalition making. It is shown that the power of a faction evaluated on the basis of Banzhaf index might significantly differ from its actual share of seats. It is shown that when the α-index is used groups and fractions who have indirect power increase their influence whereas radical ones lose it.
PL
W artykule poddano szczegółowej analizie podział wpływów między frakcjami i grupami w Najwyższej Radzie Ukrainy od 1 do 7 kadencji. Oparto je na modelach teoretycznych Banzhafa, a więc uwzględniających wskaźnik dla większości zwykłej i konstytucyjnej, jak również sekwencji α-wskaźnika – indeksu złożonego, który bierze pod uwagę preferencje frakcji i grup do budowania koalicji. Wykazano, że wpływ frakcji lub grupy, mierzone wskaźnikiem Banzhafa, mogą się znacznie różnić od ich partycypacji w liczbie miejsc w parlamencie. Ustalono też, że w ocenie wpływu za pomocą α-wskaźnika, frakcje i grupy zajmujące pośrednie stanowisko zwiększają swoje wpływy, zaś zmniejszają je zajmując postawy radykalne.
PL
Sukces dalszego rozwoju Ukrainy jako suwerennego, niezależnego i demokratycznego państwa bardziej niż kiedykolwiek wcześniej uzależniony jest od determinacji zarówno polityków, jak i urzędników państwowych oraz poszanowania zasad społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Jednym z najpoważniejszych zagrożeń jest korupcja, która uniemożliwia skuteczny rozwój gospodarczy, społeczny i humanitarny, spowalnia proces integracji europejskiej Ukrainy i – co nie bez znaczenia – działa na korzyść wrogów zewnętrznych państwa. Walka z korupcją jest zatem jednym z najważniejszych zadań państwa ukraińskiego. Istotne miejsce w kształtowaniu i realizacji państwowej polityki antykorupcyjnej zajmują Rada Najwyższa, prezydent i rząd Ukrainy. Parlament określa ramy prawne, głowa państwa – cel i sposób prowadzenia, zaś rząd zapewnia kompleksową realizację państwowej polityki antykorupcyjnej, w tym koordynuje działania policji i Narodowej Agencji Zapobiegania Korupcji. Podkreślić należy, że powodzenie zapobiegania i przeciwdziałania korupcji na Ukrainie w dużym stopniu zależy od efektywności współdziałania naczelnych organów państwa w zakresie tworzenia i wdrażania państwowej polityki antykorupcyjnej
EN
The success of further development of Ukraine as sovereign and independent, democratic, social, constitutional state now, more than ever earlier, depends on determination of politicians, statesmen and public employees and adherence to principles of each citizen and civil society in general in fight against the external and internal enemy. Among internal enemies of Ukraine corruption which makes impossible effective economic, social and humanitarian development of Ukraine is high on the list, slows down the European integration of Ukraine, and at the end advantageous of external foes of our state. Therefore, eradication of corruption is one of the most important functions of the Ukrainian state now. The important place in system of subjects of forming and implementation of the state anti-corruption policy belongs to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ukraine. So, the parliament in Ukraine creates legal including the legal framework of the state anti-corruption policy, and also participates in forming of contest committees on election of special subjects of the prevention and counteraction. The head of state in Ukraine also defines essence and the maintenance of the state anti-corruption policy in the decrees, and also participates in forming of the commissions on selection and appointments of officials of specially authorized bodies according to the prevention and counteraction of corruption, and provides independence in activity of some of these bodies. The government of Ukraine provides complex implementation of the state anti-corruption policy, has own representation in contest committees which carry out forming of specially authorized bodies of prevention and counteraction of corruption (National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, etc.), And also performs the common directorship and coordination of activity of National police of Ukraine and National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. At the same time, the success of prevention and counteraction of corruption in Ukraine depends on efficiency of interaction of the supreme bodies of the government in the field of forming and implementation of the state anti-corruption policy.
PL
W artykule poddano szczegółowej analizie podział wpływów między frakcjami i grupami w Najwyższej Radzie Ukrainy od 1 do 7 kadencji. Oparto je na modelach teoretycznych Banzhafa, a więc uwzględniających wskaźnik dla większości zwykłej i konstytucyjnej, jak również sekwencji α-wskaźnika - indeksu złożonego, który bierze pod uwagę preferencje frakcji i grup do budowania koalicji. Wykazano, że wpływ frakcji lub grupy, mierzone wskaźnikiemBanzhafa, mogą się znacznie różnić od ich partycypacjiw liczbie miejsc w parlamencie. Ustalono też, że w ocenie wpływu za pomocą α-wskaźnika, frakcje i grupy zajmujące pośrednie stanowisko zwiększają swoje wpływy, zaś zmniejszają je zajmując postawy radykalne.
EN
The article analyses the distribution of power among factions and groups in Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (1990–2012). It uses Banzhaf’s power index including the simple and constitutional majority’s index and α-index which takes into account factions’ and groups’ preferences for coalition making. It is shown that the power of a faction evaluated on the basis of Banzhaf index might significantly differ from its actual share of seats. It is shown that when the α-index is used groups and fractions who have indirect power increase their influence whereas radical ones lose it.
EN
The article brings up issues of the change of the constitutional order in Ukraine in February 2014. For that reason the normative acts passed during that period by Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (concerning the change of constitutional order) are discussed, in particular: (a) the Act of February 21st, 2014 on Restoring Specifi c Provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, (b) Resolution of February 22nd, 2014 and (c) Resolution of February 24th, 2014. Detailed analysis of Ukrainian parliament’s acts mentioned above (including the reasons for their adoption) in the light of the Constitution legally binding at that time, judicial decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and literature, leads to the conclusion that the change of constitutional order in Ukraine occurred in a manner inconsistent with the Basic Law of Ukraine, primarily in violation of the principles of: supremacy of Constitution, separation of powers, legality of operation of State authorities and independence of the judiciary, and ban on state power usurpation. This analysis proves an assumption made in the article that Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine introduced amendments to the constitutional order unlawfully.
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