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Activities of the Visegrad Group in the context of the CFSP of the EU

100%
Ślufińska M., Nitszke A.
Historia i Polityka
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2017
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issue 22(29)
9-27
EN
The Visegrad Group (V4) was formed with the aim to support Central European countries – Poland, Czechoslovakia (since 1993 the Czech Republic and Slovakia) and Hungary in their efforts to join NATO and the European Communities. V4 had to redefine its role and tasks after 2004 having achieved the set objectives in the first years of its existence. The new format of the Visegrad Group made provisions for a close cooperation between member states within the European Union. The strategy of combining potentials of the V4 states in negotiations on the EU level is based on reasonable assumptions, as it may lead to an increased significance of the region in the decision-making process. The article discusses the genesis and evolution of the V4 up to 2004. Next there is presented Visegrad cooperation in the field of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU. The text analysis specific issues projecting the safety of Europe in recent years. The analysis of the commitment of V4 in the shaping of the EU CFSP will be based on source materials, mainly on documents produced by the authorities of the Visegrad Group such as presidency programmes, statements, declarations and annual reports.
2
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Central Europe after 1918. A short outline

86%
Miszewski D., Dąbrowski F., Deszczyński M., Wnętrzak G.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2018
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vol. 19
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issue 2
13-38
EN
This paper analyses changes in the region’s states, and the evolution of Central Europe’s (CE) position in the international environment. Since forming in 1918, the new CE independent states have remained a focus for neighbouring powers and Western powers. The paper looks at the background for the historical, political, economic, demographic, cultural and geopolitical importance of Central Europe. Th ree essential periods can be distinguished, the first being the post-WW1 period, when after the downfall of Austria-Hungary and the weakening of Germany, Russia and Turkey, a number of independent states emerged. The lack of Western assistance and insufficient mutual cooperation meant that CE countries became subject to aggression from Berlin and Moscow. After WW2, the region was forcefully reintegrated into the Soviet Union – and its states were subjected to political, social, economic and cultural degradation. The downfall of the Soviet Union and democratic transition in the states of Central Europe contributed to the regional economic and security integration. EU membership and close ties to the USA forged significant possibilities for development and becoming a subject of European policy. Historical experiences show that Central Europe has had a significant impact on international security in Europe. The region’s states of increasing signifi cance have the capability potential to forge their own concepts of close regional political and economic cooperation.
3
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Shifts in EU Cohesion Policy and Processes of Peripheralization: A View from Central Eastern Europe

86%
Faragó L., Varró K., Faragó L. L. F., Varró K. L. F., Faragó L. f. r. h., Varró K. k. y. c.
European Spatial Research and Policy
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2016
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vol. 23
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issue 1
EN
The increasing dominance of neoliberalism as the key steering mechanism of the European Union (EU) since the early 1990s has implied the competitiveness-oriented reshaping of cohesion policy. The aim of this paper is to initiate a debate from a critical political economic perspective on the implications of this shift for Central Eastern European (CEE) member states. To this end, the paper discusses the formation of EU centre-periphery relations from a CEE point of view and formulates some preliminary suggestions as to how cohesion policy would need to be rethought in order to ensure the better integration of lagging CEE regions.
4
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Innovativeness of the Polish economy in relation to the Visegrad Group countries

72%
DWORAK E., GRZELAK M. M.
Economic and Environmental Studies
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2018
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vol. 18
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issue 2
515-529
EN
In March 2017, the Warsaw Declaration was signed, establishing provisions for the strategic alliance of the Visegrad Group countries, in the framework of which innovativeness is to become a new element of the cooperation between its members. The Warsaw Declaration provides for the initiation of cooperation between governmental agencies, research institutions, universities and local governments in the V4 countries. Within the framework of the envisaged cooperation, Poland has the ambition to become the leader of innovativeness in the group. In the context of the Warsaw Declaration objectives concerning close cooperation in the field of enhancing the innovation potential of the Visegrad Group's economies, the assessment of the level of innovativeness of the Polish economy in relation to the other countries of the group is important. The aim of the paper is, therefore, to make a comparison of this potential on the basis of the summary innovation index, published in the annual report of the European Commission entitled European Innovation Scoreboard, as well as on the basis of the components of this index. In the article, there was conducted a literature review on the innovativeness of the Polish economy, a descriptive analysis, an analysis of statistical data in time and a comparative analysis. The authors proposed also the research thesis that the Polish economy shows a weaker innovation potential than those recorded for the other countries of the group. Results of the research confirm the thesis to some extent. Poland holds a dominant position only in a few areas describing the innovation potential and for most of the studied indices the Polish economy is located “in the tail” of the group.
PL
W marcu 2017 r. została podpisana Deklaracja Warszawska, zakładająca strategiczny sojusz państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, w ramach którego innowacyjność ma stać się nowym elementem współpracy między państwami grupy. Deklaracja Warszawska przewiduje zainicjowanie współpracy między agendami rządowymi, instytucjami badawczymi, ośrodkami uniwersyteckimi i samorządami w krajach V4. W kontekście założeń Deklaracji Warszawskiej dotyczących bliskiej współpracy w zakresie zwiększania potencjału innowacyjnego gospodarek Grupy Wyszehradzkiej istotna jest ocena poziomu innowacyjności polskiej gospodarki w odniesieniu do pozostałych krajów grupy. Celem artykułu jest zatem porównanie owego potencjału na podstawie sumarycznego wskaźnika innowacji (Summary Innovation Index), publikowanego w corocznym raporcie Komisji Europejskiej, zatytułowanym European Innovation Scoreboard, jak również w oparciu o składowe tego wskaźnika. W artykule zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: przegląd literatury na temat kwestii związanych z innowacyjnością polskiej gospodarki, analizę opisową, analizę danych statystycznych w czasie i analizę porównawczą. Sformułowano tezę badawczą, że polska gospodarka wykazuje słabszy potencjał badawczy od pozostałych krajów omawianej grupy. Wyniki badania potwierdzają tę tezę do pewnego stopnia. Polska zajmuje dominującą pozycję wśród krajów grupy jedynie w kilku obszarach opisujących potencjał badawczy, natomiast w odniesieniu do większości wskaźników zajmuje niskie pozycje.
5
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The Comparison of the Retail Development in the Visegrad Group with Focus on the Development of Macroeconomic and Retail Indicators

58%
Adamuscin A., Liptajova D.
Świat Nieruchomości
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2015
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issue 4(94)
57-66
EN
Twelve years after the EU accession and the financial crisis, the socio-economic progress in the Visegrad Group - V4 is plain to see, also demonstrated by the development in the V4 retail market. After the crisis years of 2008 and 2009, the retail market in the countries of V4 stabilised in 2010, but retailers were very cautious. They continued analysing their financial results carefully and many companies still looked to cut costs. Some retailers closed unprofitable stores in order to focus on those units which were profitable. Since 2012 growing optimism has been visible, which is proven by the continued growth in retail sales across the V4 countries. There are new drives for expansion, mainly from international retailers. The drive is not as aggressive as before the crisis and can be heavily impacted by the further geopolitical development, but still some improvement in the mood on the market is observed. The ratio of online sales to total retail sales continues to increase as e-retailers tested out new forms of electronic commerce to boost sales and attract consumers. The paper deals mainly with the comparison of development of the retail markets in the countries of V4 with an analysis of the development of macroeconomic and retail indicators after the financial crisis.
PL
Dwanaście lat po akcesji do UE i kilka lat po kryzysie finansowym, postęp społeczno-gospodarczy w Grupie Wyszehradzkiej (V4) jest wyraźnie widoczny. Rozwój widać również na rynku powierzchni handlowych. Po kryzysowych latach 2008 i 2009, rynek powierzchni handlowych w V4 ustabilizował się w 2010 roku, ale inwestorzy ograniczali ryzyko, redukując koszty działalności. Niektórzy inwestorzy podejmowali decyzję o zamknięciu nierentownych sklepów w celu skoncentrowania się na tych nieruchomościach, które przynosiły dochody. Od 2012 roku można zaobserwować rosnący optymizm, czego dowodem był wzrost sprzedaży detalicznej w poszczególnych krajach V4. Innym czynnikiem dalszego wzrostu była ekspansja międzynarodowych inwestorów. Dynamika jest mniejsza niż przed kryzysem, być może z powodu niepewnej sytuacji geopolitycznej, ale zaobserwowano poprawę nastrojów na rynku. Udział sprzedaży internetowej do sprzedaży detalicznej ogółem nadal wzrasta, ponieważ sprzedawcy testowali nowe formy handlu elektronicznego w celu zwiększenia sprzedaży i przyciągnięcia klientów. W pracy poddano analizie dynamikę rynku powierzchni handlowej w krajach V4, po kryzysie finansowym. W analizie wykorzystano zarówno wskaźniki makroekonomiczne jak i wskaźniki rynku nieruchomości.
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