Search results

1

Circular economy policy-related national initiatives in Visegrad countries

100%

Pomázi I., Szabó E.

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 2

131-154

EN

The concept of circular economy (CE) has become popular in the last decade: both decision-makers and businesses are looking for alternative solutions replacing the present economic model. Official governmental documents have been selected for introducing Visegrad countries’ (V4) initiatives and monitoring the progress toward a transition to a circular economy. Based on selected material flow and resource productivity (RP) indicators, the study compares the regional differences among Visegrad countries. The current performances of the V4 in the implementation of the circular economic model are below the EU average. Moreover, it is noticeable that the dynamics of the changes of each indicator is more positive than on average in the EU, however, only moderate relative decoupling of domestic material (DMC) from GDP has occurred. When comparing individual countries, the wide range of the policy measures taken by V4 countries to support the transition to a circular economy can be considered promising. Despite the different characteristics of Visegrad countries, they show similar performances that are rather close to each other and incrementally approach to the EU average.

2

Zmiany w strukturze konsumpcji krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

89%

Piekut M.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

|

2015

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vol. 35

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issue 2

91-100

EN

The article contains an analysis of the level and structure of expenditure on selected goods and services in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The changes that have taken place in the structure of consumption in these countries in the years 1995–2012, show the positive trends occurring in households and consumer behavior modernization. The consumption structure of inhabitants of these countries are similar to the customs of the societies of Western Europe and Northern Europe.

PL

Artykuł zawiera analizę poziomu i struktury wydatków na wybrane dobra i usługi Polski, Czech, Słowacji i Węgier. Zmiany, jakie dokonały się w strukturze konsumpcji w tych krajach w latach 1995-2012, wskazują na pozytywne tendencje zachodzące w gospodarstwach domowych oraz unowocześnianie zachowań konsumpcyjnych. Struktury konsumpcji mieszkańców tych krajów stają się podobne do struktur społeczeństw Europy Zachodniej i Północnej.

3

Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision

88%

Ključnikov A., Civelek M., Krajčík V., Novák P., Červinka M.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 3

867-890

EN

Research background: Due to having lack of financial power and low amount of revenues, most of SMEs' major concerns are bankruptcy and low financial performance. Those issues are risky situations for SMEs when making for their exporting activities. Therefore, depending on their performance and bankruptcy risk, they might more intensively perceive export barriers and this fact might determine their export decisions. Purpose of the article: This paper examines whether financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs affect their perceptions of export obstacles or not. Methods: This research performs random sampling method and directs an internet-mediated questionnaire to the selected respondents who are the executives of 408 Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian SMEs. To examine the influences of firm performance and bankruptcy on the perceptions of export impediments by SMEs, this paper employs Ordinal Logistic Regression Test. Findings & value added: The results show that SMEs having less healthy financial conditions less intensively perceive cultural-linguistic export barriers in comparison with SMEs having better financial performance. Moreover, firm performance is not a predictor variable in the perceptions of export costs, legislative and tax-related barriers by SMEs. On the other hand, while SMEs having more bankruptcy concerns more intensively perceive tax-related and cultural-linguistic barriers, bankruptcy concerns of SMEs do not influence their perceptions of export costs and legislative differences. Although many studies have investigated the impacts of financial conditions of SMEs on their internationalization and exporting decisions, they are isolated with only a market or only with a financial issue. The limited extents of those studies cause a partial investigation of export and financial issues of SMEs and make readers having a narrow perspective in this specific area. By focusing on various export obstacles and financial issues that SMEs face in different markets, this research offers a detailed understanding of SMEs' perceptions regarding their financial conditions and export barriers, from a comprehensive perspective. In this regard, this is the research gap that this paper aims to fill.

4

AVAILABLE FORMS OF MONEY IN PAYMENT TURNOVER VERSUS ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES

88%

Mrowiec P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

|

2017

|

issue 2

59-74

EN

The aim of the informal association of Central-Easter Europe countries known as the Visegrad Group functioning within the European Union is to develop and deepen collaboration based on their common cultural grounds and common turbulent past behind the Iron Curtain under the communist regime after WWII. One of the pillars of this association is cooperation in the economic sphere which is based on free market principles re-established in the region after the political transformation which took place at the end of the 1980s. The economic sphere is closely connected with the payment system whose basic constituent is money. Currently there are three available forms of money: cash money, non-cash money and electronic money. Out of all Visegrad countries, which at the same time happen to be a part of the European Union since 1 May 2004, only Slovakia adopted EURO as its currency, while other countries in the group i.e. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic retained their national currencies. The Visegrad countries display considerable differences with respect to the usage of available forms of money and to the pace of changes occurring in the payment areas of particular Visegrad countries. The differences just mentioned result from various social and economic conditions. The paper presents the distribution of different forms of money in the payment turnover in the relevant countries in the context of their economic growth.

5

Participation of V4 countries in African peacekeeping missions

88%

Besenyő J.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 2

7-19

EN

The article explores the peacekeeping activities of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the characteristics of their activities on the African continent. The paper examines the African peacekeeping missions carried out by Visegrád countries. The study uses comparative scientific literature and analysis of statements released by these governments and other papers and studies related to the African peacekeeping missions. In addition, I used my own experience from my previous African peacekeeping/peace support missions, and the lessons learned from other African operations published in my previous book about Hungarian peacekeeping missions. In summary, of the Visegrád states with differing levels of training and equipment, Poland was the most active in peace operations in Africa and in the lead, followed by the Czech Republic and Hungary, while Slovakia was the least involved in the African continent. This trend is, moreover, in line with the involvement of the above countries in Africa to date. Although these states cooperate in several areas, this is not the case for African peace operations, although cooperation in this area would be important. The research examines the background to the activities of the V4 countries in peace operations in Africa. The study is particularly important in view of the fact that, for a number of reasons (migration, terrorism), the V4 countries are preparing for greater engagement in Africa, one area of which is peace-support operations.

6

EXPORT SPECIALIZATION IN SERVICES OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES

88%

Stefaniak-Kopoboru J., Kuczewska J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2016

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vol. 11

|

issue 2

265-284

EN

The importance of services and the international trade in services is growing systematically. There are some reasons for that, especially the rapid development of IT technologies. This increase in the international trade in services is a global phenomenon, however there are some other specific issues, other than economic or technological, which might influence the trade in services in particular countries. As for the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe such a factor could be the accession to the European Union (EU). The objective of the paper is to analyse the export specialization of the Visegrad countries in the international trade in services and how it changed over seven years after the EU accession. The service sector comprises of a variety of highly heterogeneous economic activities and the diversity of services is also reflected in the international trade of particular countries. Generally, the trade theories deal with trade of goods, but there are some attempts already to apply these theories for services. To find out the export specialization based on the comparative advantage in particular services, the main categories of services are analysed based on the adjusted RCA index assumptions. The analysis prepared in the paper is based on the balance of payment statistics provided by the WTO. The article is concluded by discussing the questions about the export specialization of particular countries and how it changed after the accession to the EU.

7

Process and product innovations, multi-product status and export performance: firm-level evidence from V-4 countries

88%

Cieślik A., Michałek J. J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2018

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vol. 13

|

issue 2

233-250

EN

Research background: In this paper, we study empirically the relationship between different forms of innovations, multi-product status and export performance of firms from four Visegrad countries. We treat innovations as the key element that can increase the level of firm productivity. Purpose of the article: The main objective is to analyze the empirical relationship between different firms of innovation of firms from Visegrad countries and their export performance. In contrast to previous studies that use R&D spending as a measure of innovation, we rather relay on innovation outcomes. Our detailed hypotheses postulate the existence of positive relationships between firm export performance and different forms of innovation. We seek to determine which type of innovation activity is of the greatest importance for exporting and whether it depends on firm size, the level of internationalization, the use of human capital and its sector of activity. In addition, we control for the multi-product status of firms, i.e. whether they sell one or many products. Methods: The measures of innovative activity of companies include both spending on R&D as well as its effects, such as product and process innovations. In addition, we control for the multi-product status measured by the share of the main product in total sales of the firm, as well as for other firm-level characteristics. The empirical implementation of the theoretical framework is based on the probit models, applied to the fifth edition of BEEPS firm level data set covering the period 2011-2014. Findings & Value added: Our results indicate that the probability of exporting is positively related to both product and process innovations and the multi-product status. In addition, we find that the probability of exporting is related to the set of control variables including labor productivity, firm size, the share of university graduates in productive employment, foreign capital participation and the use of foreign licenses.

8

Export risk perceptions of SMEs in selected Visegrad countries

88%

Ključnikov A., Civelek M., Klimeš C., Farana R.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2022

|

vol. 17

|

issue 1

173-190

EN

Research background: Export activities are crucial for SMEs' growth and income since they enable businesses to expand abroad. However, SMEs encounter some export impediments, including legislative, tax-related, and cultural-linguistic differences, which increase their export risk. Moreover, since different legislative, tax-related, and cultural conditions affect SMEs' export activities, SMEs' perceptions regarding export obstacles might also differ. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to determine whether the SMEs' perceptions of export barriers in selected Visegrad countries differ. Methods: The researchers employ a random sampling method to create the research sample and create an Internet-mediated questionnaire to collect the re-search data, including 408 SMEs from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. The researchers ran ANOVA analyses with the Gabriel Post Hoc test to find differences between those SMEs. Findings & value added: The results reveal that the perceptions of Czech and Slovak SMEs differ regarding legislative and tax-related export barriers. On the other hand, the perceptions of SMEs from various countries do not differ concerning cultural-linguistic export barriers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies comparing the perceptions of SMEs from Visegrad countries regarding legislative, tax-related, and cultural barriers. Thus, evaluating this topic from an international perspective brings novel findings and fills this research gap. Therefore, policymakers, SMEs, governments, public institutions, and academicians might gain benefits from the results of this unique research.

9

Offshoring and outsourcing in Visegrad countries. Advantages and disadvantages

75%

Grudowski P., Muchlado M.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

|

2015

|

vol. 1

|

issue 12

5-18

PL

Outsourcing i offshoring są coraz bardziej popularne w „nowych” krajach UE. Tworzą one bardzo atrakcyjne warunki dla bardziej rozwiniętych krajów Unii Europejskiej do przekazania innym organizacjom pewnych obszarów działalności gospodarczej. Autorzy artykułu zbadali wady i zalety lokalizacji działań outsourcingowych w każdym z (V4) krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Autorzy dokonali analizy czynników makroekonomicznych opartych na raportach organizacji międzynarodowych. Pomogły one rozstrzygnąć następujące problemy badawcze: jakie są główne bariery dla inwestorów, którzy zlecają przekazanie procesów w organizacjach w krajach V4, jakie czynniki generują te problemy, czy kraje Grupy Wyszehradzkiej mają podobne problemy, i wreszcie, w jakim kraju grupy V4 według zebranych danych i analizy stworzone zostały najlepsze warunki do outsourcingu lub offshoringu. Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie zalet i wad związanych z inwestycjami w krajach V4 oraz zaktualizowanie informacji o warunkach inwestowania w tych gospodarkach.

EN

Outsourcing and offshoring are getting more and more popular in the “new EU” countries. They constitute very attractive venues for more developed EU countries to outsource or offshore their business activities. Authors of the article have investigated the advantages and disadvantages of locating outsourcing activities in each of the Visegrad (V4) countries. The authors have studied macroeconomic factors based on the reports of international organizations. They helped to resolve the following research problems: what are the key barriers for investors who intended to outsource or offshore in V4 countries, what factors inflict those problems, do Visegrad countries have similar problems and finally, which country according to the collated data and analysis creates best conditions to outsource or offshore business. The main objective of this paper is to identify advantages and disadvantages of investments in V4 countries and to update information about investment conditions of those economies.

10

Regional patterns of social differentiation in Visegrád countries

75%

Fialová K., Želinský T.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 55

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issue 6

735-789

EN

This paper focuses on a neglected—horizontal—dimension of social stratification. It examines the patterns of social differentiation in the Visegrád countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and attempts to assess changes in the social structure at the subnational level. Social structure changes are explained within the context of broader socio-economic development. The main analyses performed in this study are based on EUSILC micro-data covering 2006–2016 and offer a comprehensive perspective on the patterns of social-stratification development at the regional level utilising three dimensions: social class (proxied by the European Social-Economic Classification), highest attained education level, and income. The results indicate different trajectories in social differentiation across the four countries, although some of the patterns identified are similar. The results indicate that the working class is shrinking and the salariat is growing, and that there are declining shares of people with at most primary or secondary education and increasing numbers with tertiary education. Income inequalities remained relatively stable over the observed period across the Czech and Slovak regions, but fluctuated in Hungarian regions, and the initially greater income inequalities in Polish regions have tended to decline over time. The findings suggest that the least favourable patterns in the development of regional social differentiation are found in the Hungarian regions.

11

The Impact of FDI on Bilateral Exports: The Case of Automotive Industry in the Visegrad Countries

75%

Gyódi K.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

|

2014

|

issue 37

57-76

EN

This analysis presents the effect of foreign direct investments in the automotive industry on the automotive exports of the Visegrad countries. The econometric analysis is based on the gravity model of trade. The author uses panel data to estimate variables that impact the automotive export. The data consists of the bilateral flows of trade and investments between the Visegrad countries and the other members of the OECD. The empirical analysis shows a positive correlation between the value of the FDI stock in the car industry and the automotive exports to the country of origin of investment. The results of the analysis prove that the Visegrad countries export a significant part of their automotive production to the home countries of the investing MNCs.

12

Problematic Internet Use: Pre-Pandemic Scale of the Phenomenon Among Adolescents in the Three Visegrad Countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia)

75%

Pyżalski J., Walter N., Tomczyk Ł.

The New Educational Review

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2022

|

vol. 69

65-81

EN

The increased time spent using the Internet and smartphones is prevalent primarily among adolescents. This group is currently of particular interest to media educators and psychologists studying the impact of ICTs on quality of life. An example of the negative changes associated with the intensive computerisation of various spaces is the uncontrolled and inadequate use of the Internet, referred to as problematic Internet use (PUI). This text contributes to the discussion on the extent of PUI among adolescents (12–16 years) in the Czech Republic (N=1555), Poland (N=501), and Slovakia (N=478). Based on the collected data, it was found that: 1) Polish and Czech adolescents are similar in terms of the intensity of PUI symptoms (adolescents from Slovakia are characterised by lower levels of PUI); 2) The vast majority of young people do not exceed PUI thresholds that could be considered alarming; 3) Lack of sleep or neglecting meals in favour of Internet use are the least frequent factors in the study group; 4) Most often adolescents declare that they are bored when they do not have access to the Internet; 5) Adolescents are a nonhomogeneous group in terms of the intensity of occurrence of PUI traits, but only 0.3% of adolescents in the Czech Republic and 0.4% in Poland had all 6 PUI factors present in maximum intensity.

13

Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness in the EU Member States, with Special Regard to the Visegrad Countries

63%

Pelle A., Végh M. Z.

Problemy Zarządzania

|

2017

|

issue 1/2017 (65), t.1

13 - 32

PL

Głównym celem prezentowanego badania jest analiza konkurencji i konkurencyjności na rynku wewnętrznym Unii Europejskiej na poziomie zarówno UE, jak też jej państw członkowskich. Za główne narzędzie analizy posłużyły trzy wskaźniki opracowane przez autorów na podstawie zestawu danych i metodologii Światowego Forum Ekonomicznego. Wskaźniki te służą do pomiaru konkurencyjności: 1) państwa, 2) sektora przedsiębiorstw oraz 3) instytucji rynku w państwach członkowskich UE. Do oceny przedsiębiorczości zastosowano wskaźnik GEDI. Następnie wyniki zestawiono w dwóch wymiarach. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że państwa członkowskie dzielą się na dwie grupy pod względem wszystkich wskaźników – centralne i peryferyjne. Wszystkie kraje wyszehradzkie należą do grupy peryferyjnej, lecz warto przeanalizować ich względne pozycje w obrębie grupy. Pomiędzy konkurencyjnością sektora przedsiębiorstw obliczoną zgodnie z metodologią Światowego Forum Ekonomicznego a przedsiębiorczością obliczoną za pomocą wskaźnika GEDI zachodzi bardzo silna zależność liniowa.

EN

Our research primarily aims at studying the competition and competitiveness in the EU internal market, both at the level of the EU and its member states. As the main tool of our analysis, we create three indicators based on the dataset and methodology of the World Economic Forum (WEF). These indicators are to measure the competitiveness of 1) the state, 2) the enterprise sector and 3) the institution of the market in the EU member states. In order to assess entrepreneurship, we apply the GEDI index. Then we compare our findings along the two dimensions. EU member states obviously form two groups along all indicators: the core and the periphery are clearly visible. The Visegrad countries all belong to the periphery but their relative positions within the group are worth studying. Enterprise sector competitiveness calculated according to the WEF methodology and entrepreneurial spirit calculated through the GEDI index show a very strong linear correlation.

14

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in the Visegrad Group Countries

63%

Wojciechowski L., Makieła K.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2019

|

vol. 4

|

issue 343

103-121

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie determinant akumulacji zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich (FDI) w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Teoria zakłada, że FDI jest motywowana głównie chęcią pozyskiwania rynku i poprawy efektywności gospodarowania. Ponieważ zagraniczni inwestorzy szukają sprawnego i relatywnie taniego środowiska biznesowego, można przyjąć założenie, że produktywność jest jednym z kluczowych czynników przyciągających inwestycje zagraniczne. W celu weryfikacji takiego założenia sformułowano model bazujący na systemie dwóch równań: pierwszego dla produkcji, szacującego produktywność, oraz drugiego dla FDI, mającego na celu przeanalizowanie wpływu produktywności na FDI. Aby sprawdzić rzetelność badanej interakcji, wzięto również pod uwagę czynniki makroekonomiczne i instytucjonalne. Badanie przeprowadzono na 13 sektorach przemysłowych NACE w krajach V4 w latach 2004-2013. Wyniki wskazują na istotny związek między FDI i produktywnością, jak również na to, że rozmiar rynku, jakość (i ilość) siły roboczej, wydatki na B+R oraz zmiany cen w czasie są istotnymi determinantami FDI na poziomie przemysłu.

EN

The purpose of this paper is to investigate determinants of foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Visegrad Group countries. The theory indicates that FDI are mainly driven by market and efficiency seeking motives. Foreign investors are looking for a productive and relatively low‑cost business environment, which leads us to the assumption that productivity is one of key drivers of foreign capital. In order to verify this, we formulate a model based on a system of two equations: one for production to capture productivity and one for FDI to assess the influence of productivity on FDI. For robustness check, a number of macroeconomic and institutional factors are also considered. The study is conducted using a panel of 13 NACE industry sectors of the Visegrad Group countries in 2004-2013. The results indicate a positive, significant relationship between FDI and productivity as well as that market size, labour quality (and quantity), R&D expenditures and price changes over time are relevant FDI determinants at an industry level.

15

The Comparative Analysis of Mid-Tech and High-Tech Trade of the Visegrad Countries and the German Impact

63%

Michalski B.

Unia Europejska.pl

|

2016

|

issue 4

31-40

EN

The general purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative study of the Czech, Hungarian, Polish, and Slovak exports and imports in the period 2001-2015 taking into consideration their technological intensity. The analysis covers the identified developments in the context of grow-ing openness and strong orientation of their economic systems to the markets of other EU members. The undertaken study is based on trade data at 2-, 4- and 6-digit dis-aggregation of the Harmonised System (HS). When analysing trade with Germany a particular focus will be set on the chapters dominating in bi-lateral relations with the Visegrad countries (V4): HS 39 (plastics and articles thereof), HS 84 (machinery), HS 85 (electrical and electronic equipment), and HS 87 (road transport vehicles). The analysis aims at empirical verification whether and to what extent the membership of the V4 in the European Union and intensive trade relations with German economy have contributed to improvement of the technological intensity of their foreign trade. Another important issue is to identify potentially most serious challenges relating especially to the phenomenon of the middle-income trap and investment expansion of multinational corpora-tions, which may be treated as a threat sustaining structural obstacles for economic growth and development of the Visegrad countries.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie studium porównawczego cze-skiego, węgierskiego, polskiego i słowackiego eksportu oraz importu w latach 2001-2015, biorąc pod uwagę ich technologiczne zaawansowa-nie. Analiza obejmuje identyfikację głównych tendencji w kontekście rosnącej otwartości tych gospodarek oraz ich silnej orientacji na współ-pracę z innymi krajami Unii Europejskiej. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie danych na 2-, 4- i 6-cyfrowym poziomie dezagregacji w ramach Systemu Zharmonizowanego. Relatyw-nie dużo uwagi poświęcono kwestiom handlu krajów Grupy Wyszeh-radzkiej (V4) z Niemcami w działach dominujących w ich relacjach dwustronnych: HS 39 (tworzywa sztuczne), HS 84 (branża maszynowa), HS 85 (artykuły elektryczne i elektroniczne) oraz HS 87 (branża motory-zacyjna). Analiza ukierunkowana jest na empiryczną weryfikację, czy i w jakim stopniu członkostwo krajów V4 w Unii Europejskiej oraz in-tensywne relacje handlowe z Niemcami przyczyniły się do poprawy po-ziomu technologicznego zaawansowania ich wymiany zagranicznej. In-nym ważnym zagadnieniem jest identyfikacja głównych wyzwań, jakimi są pułapka średniego dochodu oraz ekspansja inwestycyjna korporacji transnarodowych, które mogą skutkować utrwaleniem strukturalnych przeszkód dalszego wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego krajów V4.

16

Constitutional Regulation of Local Financial Autonomy in the Visegrad Countries

63%

Pál Á., Radvan M.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2024

|

vol. 33

|

issue 1

207-227

PL

W niniejszym artykule autorzy badają związek pomiędzy poziomem szczegółowości konstytucyjnych regulacji dotyczących lokalnej autonomii finansowej a jej ogólną jakością na Węgrzech, Słowacji, w Polsce i Czechach. Artykuł ma na celu potwierdzenie albo obalenie hipotezy mówiącej o tym, że bardziej kompleksowe przepisy konstytucyjne skutkują wyższą jakością lokalnej autonomii finansowej. Dla umożliwienia przetestowania tej hipotezy autorzy najpierw badają odpowiednie regulacje konstytucyjne w tych czterech państwach, następnie stosują dwa różne wskaźniki, wybrane dane statystyczne i wnioski z procedury monitorowania z Europejskiej Karty Samorządu Lokalnego do pomiaru jakości lokalnej autonomii finansowej w państwach objętych opracowaniem, a na koniec porównują wyniki oceny jakości ze stopniem szczegółowości ram konstytucyjnych celem sprawdzenia trafności bądź nietrafności hipotezy.

EN

In this article, the authors investigate the connection between the level of detail in constitutional regulations of local financial autonomy and its overall quality in Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and the Czech Republic. The article aims to either confirm or refute the hypothesis that more comprehensive constitutional rules result in an enhanced quality of local financial autonomy. To be able to test the hypothesis, the authors first examine the relevant constitutional regulation in these four countries. Thereafter, they employ two different indicators, selected statistical data and the conclusions from the monitoring procedure of the European Charter of Local Self-Government to measure the quality of local financial autonomy in the studied countries. Finally, they compare the results of the quality assessment with the degree of the constitutional framework’s specificity to see if the hypothesis was correct or not.

17

The Competitive Position of the Economy of Poland (against the Backdrop of the Visegrad Group Countries and the Baltic States) – Changes and Determinants in the Post-accession Period

51%

Molendowski E.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

|

2021

|

vol. 24

|

issue 1

PL

Artykuł jest prezentacją wyników analizy, w ramach której podjęto próbę porównania zmian pozycji konkurencyjnej Polski na tle państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej (GW–4) oraz Krajów Bałtyckich (KB–3) w okresie poakcesyjnym (lata 2006–2017). Należy podkreślić, że tego typu badanie nie było jeszcze szerzej prezentowane w dostępnej literaturze. Artykuł może być więc ważnym uzupełniniem tej luki. W badaniu zastosowano metodę analizy porównawczej danych wtórnych, dotyczących wskaźników konkurencyjności gospodarki oraz czynników ją determinujących wyodrębnionych w Raportach „Global Competitiveness Report”, opracowywanych przez Światowe Forum Ekonomiczne. Ważnym elementem prezentowanej analizy było podjęcie próby zidentyfikowania najważniejszych czynników determinujących te zmiany. Artykuł kończy zestawienie najważniejszych wniosków wynikających z prezentowanej analizy. Analiza potwierdziła, że badane kraje cechowały się dość istotnymi różnicami w zakresie poprawy ich pozycji konkurencyjnej w okresie poakcesyjnym.

EN

The article presents the results of an analysis that compares changes in Poland’s competitive position against the backdrop of the Visegrad Group (V4) countries and the Baltic States (BS3) in the post-accession period (2006–2017). This type of study has not been presented in detail in the available literature before. Therefore, the article may significantly contribute to bridging the gap. The study employs a comparative analysis of secondary data concerning the indices and pillars of economic competitiveness described in The Global Competitiveness Reports prepared by the World Economic Forum. An important element of the examination was the endeavour to identify major determinants of those developments. The article ends with a summary of the most significant conclusions from the analysis presented. As confirmed by the examination, the countries covered differed widely regarding the improvement of their competitive positions in the post-accession period.

18

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL FINANCIAL STA BILITY OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE

51%

Błaszczuk D. J., Sawicki J.

Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula

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2017

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issue 2(52)

20-39

EN

In the paper, we analyse relationships between the current and capital account balance (CCA), its components and the rate of exchange, on one hand, and GDP, on the other, in the Visegrad countries (V4) and Ukraine on yearly data in 1994-2015. The assumptions, the method of analysis and the results of our study of these relationships are discussed in details. We found that in all V4 countries (except Slovakia) and Ukraine there were negative relationships between the current and capital account changes and GDP. In all countries, the rate of exchange depreciation used to cause decrease of the level of GDP. We discovered also a strong long-term dependence of their GDP level on their foreign trade, in spite of a growing financial development, especially after 2004. On the other hand, the relations between capital components of the CCA and GDP in all analysed countries turned out to be relatively weak. The strength and direction of the impact of the analysed variables on GDP can indicate the systemic weakness of foreign financial stability and points to the inherent risks associated with the sudden changes of some of most sensitive parts of the current and capital account.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy zależności między saldem rachunku bieżącego i kapitałowego (ang. CCA), jego części składowych i kursem wymiany, z jednej strony, a PKB, z drugiej, w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej (V4) i Ukrainy na podstawie danych rocznych w okresie lat 1994-2015. Szczegółowo omówiono założenia, metodę analizy i wyniki naszego badania tych zależności. We wszystkich krajach V4 (z wyjątkiem Słowacji) i na Ukrainie stwierdzono negatywne zależności między zmianami na rachunku bieżącym i kapitałowym a PKB. We wszystkich krajach deprecjacja kursu wymiany na ogół powodowała obniżenie się poziomu PKB. Stwierdzono również silną długookresową zależność poziomu ich PKB od handlu zagranicznego, pomimo rosnącego rozwoju finansów, zwłaszcza po 2004 roku. Z drugiej strony, okazało się, że zależności między kapitałowymi składnikami CCA a PKB we wszystkich analizowanych krajach są stosunkowo słabe. Siła i kierunek oddziaływania analizowanych zmiennych na PKB mogą wskazywać na systemową słabość, jeżeli chodzi o stabilność zagranicznych systemów finansowych, oraz na inherentne ryzyka towarzyszące nagłym zmianom w najbardziej czułych częściach rachunku bieżącego i kapitałowego.

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Circular economy policy-related national initiatives in Visegrad countries

Zmiany w strukturze konsumpcji krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision

AVAILABLE FORMS OF MONEY IN PAYMENT TURNOVER VERSUS ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES

Participation of V4 countries in African peacekeeping missions

EXPORT SPECIALIZATION IN SERVICES OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES

Process and product innovations, multi-product status and export performance: firm-level evidence from V-4 countries

Export risk perceptions of SMEs in selected Visegrad countries

Offshoring and outsourcing in Visegrad countries. Advantages and disadvantages

Regional patterns of social differentiation in Visegrád countries

The Impact of FDI on Bilateral Exports: The Case of Automotive Industry in the Visegrad Countries

Problematic Internet Use: Pre-Pandemic Scale of the Phenomenon Among Adolescents in the Three Visegrad Countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia)

Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness in the EU Member States, with Special Regard to the Visegrad Countries

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in the Visegrad Group Countries

The Comparative Analysis of Mid-Tech and High-Tech Trade of the Visegrad Countries and the German Impact

Constitutional Regulation of Local Financial Autonomy in the Visegrad Countries

The Competitive Position of the Economy of Poland (against the Backdrop of the Visegrad Group Countries and the Baltic States) – Changes and Determinants in the Post-accession Period

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL FINANCIAL STA BILITY OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE